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Heterogeneous Beliefs and Tests of Present Value Models

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  • Kenneth Kasa
  • Todd B. Walker
  • Charles H. Whiteman

Abstract

This article develops a dynamic asset pricing model with persistent heterogeneous beliefs. The model features competitive traders who receive idiosyncratic signals about an underlying fundamentals process. We adapt Futia's (1981) frequency domain methods to derive conditions on the fundamentals that guarantee non-invertibility of the mapping between observed market data and the underlying shocks to agents' information sets. When these conditions are satisfied, agents remain asymmetrically informed in equilibrium and must ‘forecast the forecasts of others’. An econometrician, who incorrectly imposes a homogeneous beliefs equilibrium, will find that the asset price displays violations of variance bounds, predictability of excess returns, and rejections of cross-equation restrictions.

Suggested Citation

  • Kenneth Kasa & Todd B. Walker & Charles H. Whiteman, 2014. "Heterogeneous Beliefs and Tests of Present Value Models," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 81(3), pages 1137-1163.
    • Handle: RePEc:oup:restud:v:81:y:2014:i:3:p:1137-1163
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    File URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1093/restud/rdt051
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    Cited by:

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    2. Lucia Alessi & Mark Kerssenfischer, 2019. "The response of asset prices to monetary policy shocks: Stronger than thought," Journal of Applied Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 34(5), pages 661-672, August.
    3. Michele Berardi, 2021. "Learning from prices: information aggregation and accumulation in an asset market," Annals of Finance, Springer, vol. 17(1), pages 45-77, March.
    4. Martin Ellison & Andreas Tischbirek, 2021. "Beauty Contests and the Term Structure [Risk Premia and Term Premia in General Equilibrium]," Journal of the European Economic Association, European Economic Association, vol. 19(4), pages 2234-2282.
    5. Taub, B., 2023. "Signal-jamming in the frequency domain," Games and Economic Behavior, Elsevier, vol. 142(C), pages 896-930.
    6. Djeutem, Edouard & Kasa, Kenneth, 2013. "Robustness and exchange rate volatility," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 91(1), pages 27-39.
    7. Angelini, Giovanni & Sorge, Marco M., 2021. "Under the same (Chole)sky: DNK models, timing restrictions and recursive identification of monetary policy shocks," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 133(C).
    8. Yongok Choi & Giacomo Rondina & Todd B. Walker, 2023. "Information Aggregation Bias and Samuelson's Dictum," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 55(5), pages 1119-1145, August.
    9. George-Marios Angeletos & Zhen Huo, 2021. "Myopia and Anchoring," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 111(4), pages 1166-1200, April.
    10. Lof Matthijs, 2013. "Noncausality and asset pricing," Studies in Nonlinear Dynamics & Econometrics, De Gruyter, vol. 17(2), pages 211-220, April.
    11. He, Xue-Zhong & Zheng, Huanhuan, 2016. "Trading heterogeneity under information uncertainty," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 130(C), pages 64-80.
    12. Rondina, Giacomo & Walker, Todd B., 2021. "Confounding dynamics," Journal of Economic Theory, Elsevier, vol. 196(C).
    13. Michele Berardi, 2020. "Learning from Prices: Information Aggregation and Accumulation in an Asset Price Model," Economics Discussion Paper Series 2009, Economics, The University of Manchester.
    14. Ethan Struby, 2018. "Macroeconomic Disagreement in Treasury Yields," Working Papers 2018-04, Carleton College, Department of Economics.
    15. Huo, Zhen & Pedroni, Marcelo, 2023. "Dynamic information aggregation: Learning from the past," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 136(C), pages 107-124.
    16. Tan, Fei & Walker, Todd B., 2015. "Solving generalized multivariate linear rational expectations models," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 95-111.
    17. Hamidi Sahneh, Mehdi, 2017. "News, Noise, and Tests of Present Value Models," MPRA Paper 82715, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    18. Han, Zhao & Tan, Fei & Wu, Jieran, 2022. "Analytic policy function iteration," Journal of Economic Theory, Elsevier, vol. 200(C).
    19. Markku Lanne & Henri Nyberg, 2015. "Nonlinear dynamic interrelationships between real activity and stock returns," CREATES Research Papers 2015-36, Department of Economics and Business Economics, Aarhus University.
    20. Athreya, Kartik B., 2014. "Big Ideas in Macroeconomics: A Nontechnical View," MIT Press Books, The MIT Press, edition 1, volume 1, number 0262019736, April.
    21. Lof, Matthijs & Nyberg, Henri, 2017. "Noncausality and the commodity currency hypothesis," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 65(C), pages 424-433.
    22. Jurado, Kyle, 2023. "Rational inattention in the frequency domain," Journal of Economic Theory, Elsevier, vol. 208(C).
    23. Nyholm, Juho, 2017. "Residual-based diagnostic tests for noninvertible ARMA models," MPRA Paper 81033, University Library of Munich, Germany.

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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • G12 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Asset Pricing; Trading Volume; Bond Interest Rates
    • D82 - Microeconomics - - Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty - - - Asymmetric and Private Information; Mechanism Design

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