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On the consequences of overstratification

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  • B. L. De Stavola
  • D. R. Cox

Abstract

It is common, in particular in observational studies in epidemiology, to impose stratification to adjust for possible effects of age and other variables on the binary outcome of interest. Overstratification may lower the precision of the estimated effects of interest. Understratification risks bias. These issues are studied analytically. Asymptotic results show that loss of efficiency depends on the true effect and on a measure of the average imbalance across strata between exposed and unexposed individuals. Bias depends on the correlation between stratum-specific size imbalances and event rates in the unexposed. Approximate results are also given. An example is used. Copyright 2008, Oxford University Press.

Suggested Citation

  • B. L. De Stavola & D. R. Cox, 2008. "On the consequences of overstratification," Biometrika, Biometrika Trust, vol. 95(4), pages 992-996.
    • Handle: RePEc:oup:biomet:v:95:y:2008:i:4:p:992-996
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    File URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1093/biomet/asn039
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    Cited by:

    1. Corradin, Riccardo & Nieto-Barajas, Luis Enrique & Nipoti, Bernardo, 2022. "Optimal stratification of survival data via Bayesian nonparametric mixtures," Econometrics and Statistics, Elsevier, vol. 22(C), pages 17-38.

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