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Die Expansion der österreichischen Banken nach Zentral-, Ost- und Südosteuropa

Author

Listed:
  • Stefan Kavan

    (Oesterreichische Nationalbank)

  • Tina Wittenberger

    (Oesterreichische Nationalbank)

Abstract

Die großen österreichischen Banken erkannten nach dem Fall des Eisernen Vorhangs früh die Chance, den margenschwachen Heimatmarkt nach Zentral-, Ost- und Südosteuropa (CESEE) zu erweitern. Bankneugründungen und -zukäufe erlaubten rasch in dieser Region fußzufassen und die Aussicht auf mögliche EU-Beitritte von CESEE-Ländern löste eine Reform- und Aufbruchstimmung aus. Die dynamische Kreditvergabe brachte hohe Gewinne mit sich, aber die schnelle Expansion hatte auch Schattenseiten. So erfolgte die Kreditvergabe oftmals in Fremdwährungen und wurde durch die Mutterbank refinanziert. Die aufgebauten Risiken wurden während der globalen Finanz- und Wirtschaftskrise schlagend und führten zu hohen Kosten. Bei den Banken folgte eine Phase der Konsolidierung. Makroprudenzielle Maßnahmen zur Hintanhaltung von Risiken für die Finanzmarktstabilität waren eine wichtige Lehre aus der Krise, die auch in Österreich von der Bankenaufsicht gezogen wurde. Das in den letzten Jahren erneut einsetzende Wirtschaftswachstum verbesserte die Zahlungsfähigkeit der Kunden. Die gute Ertragslage ist aber auch dem wieder anziehenden Kreditwachstum geschuldet, das erneut systemische Herausforderungen mit sich bringt und makroprudenzielle Maßnahmen in einigen CESEE-Ländern notwendig machte. Der wirtschaftliche Aufholprozess im erweiterten Heimatmarkt österreichischer Banken bietet weiterhin ein beachtliches Wachstums- und Ertragspotenzial und die momentane Gewinnsituation und Qualität des Kreditportfolios sind gut. Allerdings bringen der vom Kreditwachstum getriebene lange Aufschwung und die einsetzende wirtschaftliche Abschwächung auch zahlreiche Herausforderungen mit sich, denen sich die betroffenen Banken und die Bankenaufsicht stellen müssen.

Suggested Citation

  • Stefan Kavan & Tina Wittenberger, 2020. "Die Expansion der österreichischen Banken nach Zentral-, Ost- und Südosteuropa," Monetary Policy & the Economy, Oesterreichische Nationalbank (Austrian Central Bank), issue Q1-Q2/20, pages 122-134.
  • Handle: RePEc:onb:oenbmp:y:2020:i:q1-q2/20:b:7
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Stephan Barisitz, 2009. "Banking Transformation 1980-2006 in Central and Eastern Europe – From Communism to Capitalism," South-Eastern Europe Journal of Economics, Association of Economic Universities of South and Eastern Europe and the Black Sea Region, vol. 7(2), pages 161-180.
    2. Tina Wittenberger, 2018. "Lending to households in CESEE with regard to Austrian banking subsidiaries and macroprudential measures addressing credit-related risks," Financial Stability Report, Oesterreichische Nationalbank (Austrian Central Bank), issue 36, pages 82-93.
    3. Gernot Ebner & Eleonora Endlich & Andreas Greiner & Manuel Gruber & Günther Hobl & Stefan Kavan & Martin Ohms & Vanessa Redak & Alexandra Schober-Rhomberg & Paul Stockert & Daniela Widhalm & Tina Witt, 2016. "The profitability of Austrian banking subsidiaries in CESEE: driving forces, current challenges and opportunities," Financial Stability Report, Oesterreichische Nationalbank (Austrian Central Bank), issue 32, pages 64-79.
    4. Stephan Barisitz, 2009. "Banking Sector Transformation in CESEE," Focus on European Economic Integration, Oesterreichische Nationalbank (Austrian Central Bank), issue 5, pages 92-100.
    5. Manuel Gruber & Stefan Kavan & Paul Stockert, 2017. "What drives Austrian banking subsidiaries’ return on equity in CESEE and how does it compare to their cost of equity?," Financial Stability Report, Oesterreichische Nationalbank (Austrian Central Bank), issue 33, pages 78-87.
    6. repec:onb:oenbfi:y:2009:i:0:b:12 is not listed on IDEAS
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    Cited by:

    1. Glocker, Christian & Url, Thomas, 2022. "Financial sector rescue programs: Domestic and cross border effects," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 127(C).

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    österreichische Banken; CESEE; CEE; EU-Osterweiterung; Finanzkrise; notleidende Kredite; makroprudenzielle Politik; Fremdwährungskredite; Liquiditätstransfers; Vienna Initiative; Systemrisikopuffer;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • F36 - International Economics - - International Finance - - - Financial Aspects of Economic Integration
    • G01 - Financial Economics - - General - - - Financial Crises
    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
    • G28 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Government Policy and Regulation
    • N24 - Economic History - - Financial Markets and Institutions - - - Europe: 1913-
    • N44 - Economic History - - Government, War, Law, International Relations, and Regulation - - - Europe: 1913-
    • O16 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Financial Markets; Saving and Capital Investment; Corporate Finance and Governance

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