Instruments and Mechanisms of the European Union for Preventing and Combating Corruption

This article analyzes the instruments and mechanisms through which the European Union prevents and combats corruption, with a particular focus on the protection of the Union’s financial interests and the management of EU public funds. The study examines preventive instruments, including transparency requirements, conflict-of-interest management, and control over the use of resources from the EU budget. It analyzes the role of oversight and audit institutions – the European Anti-Fraud Office (OLAF) and the European Court of Auditors – which, through investigations and audit activities, contribute to detecting irregularities and strengthening financial accountability. Special attention is given to the European Public Prosecutor’s Office (EPPO) as a supranational body responsible for investigating and prosecuting crimes affecting the EU budget. From a legal and criminal-law perspective, key instruments are highlighted, including Directive (EU) 2017/1371 (PIF Directive), Regulation (EU) 2017/1939 establishing EPPO, the AntiMoney Laundering Directives, Directive 2014/24/EU on public procurement and conflicts of interest, as well as the Financial Regulation and the Conditionality Regulation. The findings show that the EU anti-corruption framework constitutes a multi-level system combining preventive, control, and enforcement mechanisms at both European and national levels, aimed at reducing corruption risks and safeguarding public resources.