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Endogenous Timing in Pollution Control: Stackelberg versus Cournot-Nash Equilibria

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  • Heugues, Melanie

Abstract

In the framework of international cooperation on climate change to control green-house gas emissions (GHG), this paper aims to shed new light on the eventuality of the emergence of a country (or a group of countries) behaving as a leader in the implementation of its environmental policy. The sequence of moves in the existing literature is usually an exogenous assumption — known as the Cournot assumption (if countries take action simultaneously) and the Stackelberg assumption (if they act sequentially, the latter observing the strategy of the former). The main purpose here is to make the timing endogenous. To do so, we introduce a pre-play stage in the basic two-country game. Then we provide different sets of minimal conditions — on the benefit and damage functions linked to GHG emissions into the atmosphere, yielding respectively the simultaneous and the two sequential modes of play. While the results essentially confirmthe prevalence of the former, they also indicate that the latter are natural under some robust conditions: a leader can emerge endogenously when implementing its environmental policy. Finally we provide sufficient conditions for a specific leader to appear. All the results come with an analysis in terms of global emissions and global welfare. The analysis makes crucial use of the basic results from the theory of supermodular games.

Suggested Citation

  • Heugues, Melanie, 2012. "Endogenous Timing in Pollution Control: Stackelberg versus Cournot-Nash Equilibria," Strategic Behavior and the Environment, now publishers, vol. 2(2), pages 133-158, July.
  • Handle: RePEc:now:jnlsbe:102.00000014
    DOI: 10.1561/102.00000014
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    Cited by:

    1. Achim Hagen & Klaus Eisenack, 2019. "Climate Clubs Versus Single Coalitions: The Ambition Of International Environmental Agreements," Climate Change Economics (CCE), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 10(03), pages 1-19, August.
    2. repec:zbw:hohpro:344 is not listed on IDEAS
    3. Hagen, Achim & Eisenack, Klaus, 2015. "International Environmental Agreements with Asymmetric Countries: Climate Clubs vs. Global Cooperation," Climate Change and Sustainable Development 206445, Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei (FEEM).
    4. repec:old:wpaper:344 is not listed on IDEAS
    5. Klaus Eisenack & Leonhard Kähler, 2012. "Unilateral emission reductions can lead to Pareto improvements when adaptation to damages is possible," Working Papers V-344-12, University of Oldenburg, Department of Economics, revised Jan 2012.
    6. Leonhard Kähler & Klaus Eisenack, 2016. "Strategic Complements in International Environmental Agreements: a New Island of Stability," Working Papers V-393-16, University of Oldenburg, Department of Economics, revised Aug 2016.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Climate change; Non-cooperative game; Global pollution; Strategic interactions; Endogenous timing; Supermodular game theory;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C72 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Game Theory and Bargaining Theory - - - Noncooperative Games
    • H41 - Public Economics - - Publicly Provided Goods - - - Public Goods
    • Q54 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Climate; Natural Disasters and their Management; Global Warming

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