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In der Tradition der europaeischen Unternehmensethik ist der Charakter der Akteure ein grundlegender und alles dominierender Zurechnungsmodus fuer tugendhaftes Handeln. Die psychologische und voelkerkundliche Diskussion einer „Charakterkunde“ in der zweiten Haelfte des 19. Jahrhunderts hat diese Tradition vor allem in Deutschland durch nationalsozialistische und antisemitische Interpretationen desavouiert. Aber es gibt noch einen weiteren, aus theoretischer Sicht entscheidenderen Grund fuer den Traditionsbruch. Aristoteles theoretische Diskussion der ethischen Tugenden und die Praxis des „Ehrbaren Kaufmanns“ lassen hier wenig Zweifel. In funktional differenzierten Gesellschaften ist Charakter ein schwieriger Begriff, weil er sich nicht mehr auf den Status von Buergern, sondern als Forderung nach Integritaet als offener Rechtsbegriff auf Funktionstraeger bezieht. Der Artikel diskutiert vor diesem Hintergrund und mit der Linse der Governanceethik die mit den psychologischen Verhaltenswissenschaften und der experimentellen oekonomik gegebenen Optionen eines strukturalistischen Charakterbegriffs, der sich als Einheit der Differenz von Individuum, Organisation und Gesellschaft begreift und damit auch die Qualitaet von Fuehrungskraeften definiert. (In the tradition of European business ethics the character of the actors is a fundamental and dominant mode for the attribution of virtuous action. The psychological and ethnological discussion of a “science of character” in the second half of the 19th century brought this tradition into bad repute, above all in Germany as a result of the National Socialist and anti-Semitic interpretations. But there is a further reason for this break with tradition, which is decisive from a theoretical point of view. Aristotle's theoretical discussion of the ethical virtues and the practice of the “honourable merchant” allow little doubt about this. In functionally differentiated societies character is a difficult concept because it no longer refers to the status of citizens but is an open legal concept demanding integrity from functionaries. Against this background the article discusses the options for a structuralist concept of character provided by the psychological behavioural sciences and experimental economics as seen through the lens of Governance Ethics.)
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JEL classification:
- A13 - General Economics and Teaching - - General Economics - - - Relation of Economics to Social Values
- A14 - General Economics and Teaching - - General Economics - - - Sociology of Economics
- J53 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Labor-Management Relations, Trade Unions, and Collective Bargaining - - - Labor-Management Relations; Industrial Jurisprudence
- Z10 - Other Special Topics - - Cultural Economics - - - General
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