The impact of sanctions on the development of Russian regions in 2022-2024

The regions that suffered most from the sanctions were those with the extractive industry, especially coal, although its dynamics were also worsened by the unfavorable situation with world prices and logistics problems. The decline in the oil producing regions is less severe. In the manufacturing industries that were subject to sanctions, the dynamics worsened, growth rates were below average over three years. The regions of the military-industrial complex stand out with their rapid growth; they were not affected by the sanctions aimed at restricting the import of components, including electronics. The dynamics of the automotive industry in the regions are different: in the Kaliningrad region, the decline continues, and in the Samara and Ulyanovsk regions, the dynamics are better due to imported supplies of necessary components for the automotive industry from China and the growth of the defense industry. The industry of the Far East benefited from the "pivot to the East" only in the extraction of raw materials, in the manufacturing industry, the share of the Far East remains minimal. Despite the sanctions, the departure of large foreign trading companies and foreign car manufacturers, retail trade in Russia has recovered and grown after a decline in 2022 due to parallel imports and the influx of Chinese cars into the Russian market. In general, regional statistics for various indicators do not always explain the dynamics and relationships. A critical assessment of statistical data should be part of any study of regional development in the turbulent conditions of the 2020s.