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An RNA gene expressed during cortical development evolved rapidly in humans

Author

Listed:
  • Katherine S. Pollard

    (Center for Biomolecular Science & Engineering
    University of California)

  • Sofie R. Salama

    (Center for Biomolecular Science & Engineering
    Howard Hughes Medical Institute)

  • Nelle Lambert

    (Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Free University of Brussels (ULB)
    Erasme Hospital, Free University of Brussels (ULB))

  • Marie-Alexandra Lambot

    (Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Free University of Brussels (ULB))

  • Sandra Coppens

    (Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Free University of Brussels (ULB))

  • Jakob S. Pedersen

    (Center for Biomolecular Science & Engineering)

  • Sol Katzman

    (Center for Biomolecular Science & Engineering)

  • Bryan King

    (Center for Biomolecular Science & Engineering
    Howard Hughes Medical Institute)

  • Courtney Onodera

    (Center for Biomolecular Science & Engineering)

  • Adam Siepel

    (Center for Biomolecular Science & Engineering
    Université Claude Bernard
    Cornell University)

  • Andrew D. Kern

    (Center for Biomolecular Science & Engineering)

  • Colette Dehay

    (INSERM, U371, Stem Cell & Brain Research Institute
    Brain Research Institute
    Université Claude Bernard)

  • Haller Igel

    (University of California
    Developmental Biology, University of California)

  • Manuel Ares

    (University of California
    Developmental Biology, University of California)

  • Pierre Vanderhaeghen

    (Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Free University of Brussels (ULB))

  • David Haussler

    (Center for Biomolecular Science & Engineering
    Howard Hughes Medical Institute)

Abstract

The developmental and evolutionary mechanisms behind the emergence of human-specific brain features remain largely unknown. However, the recent ability to compare our genome to that of our closest relative, the chimpanzee, provides new avenues to link genetic and phenotypic changes in the evolution of the human brain. We devised a ranking of regions in the human genome that show significant evolutionary acceleration. Here we report that the most dramatic of these ‘human accelerated regions’, HAR1, is part of a novel RNA gene (HAR1F) that is expressed specifically in Cajal–Retzius neurons in the developing human neocortex from 7 to 19 gestational weeks, a crucial period for cortical neuron specification and migration. HAR1F is co-expressed with reelin, a product of Cajal–Retzius neurons that is of fundamental importance in specifying the six-layer structure of the human cortex. HAR1 and the other human accelerated regions provide new candidates in the search for uniquely human biology.

Suggested Citation

  • Katherine S. Pollard & Sofie R. Salama & Nelle Lambert & Marie-Alexandra Lambot & Sandra Coppens & Jakob S. Pedersen & Sol Katzman & Bryan King & Courtney Onodera & Adam Siepel & Andrew D. Kern & Cole, 2006. "An RNA gene expressed during cortical development evolved rapidly in humans," Nature, Nature, vol. 443(7108), pages 167-172, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:nature:v:443:y:2006:i:7108:d:10.1038_nature05113
    DOI: 10.1038/nature05113
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Xinru Zhang & Bohao Fang & Yi-Fei Huang, 2023. "Transcription factor binding sites are frequently under accelerated evolution in primates," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-16, December.
    2. Noah Dukler & Mehreen R. Mughal & Ritika Ramani & Yi-Fei Huang & Adam Siepel, 2022. "Extreme purifying selection against point mutations in the human genome," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-12, December.
    3. Kazi Abdul, Mannan, 2020. "The Theory of Matriarchism: The Universal Origin of Human," MPRA Paper 101353, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 2020.
    4. Oscar Westesson & Gerton Lunter & Benedict Paten & Ian Holmes, 2012. "Accurate Reconstruction of Insertion-Deletion Histories by Statistical Phylogenetics," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 7(4), pages 1-12, April.
    5. Kirsten E Eilertson & James G Booth & Carlos D Bustamante, 2012. "SnIPRE: Selection Inference Using a Poisson Random Effects Model," PLOS Computational Biology, Public Library of Science, vol. 8(12), pages 1-14, December.
    6. Su Yeon Kim & Jonathan K Pritchard, 2007. "Adaptive Evolution of Conserved Noncoding Elements in Mammals," PLOS Genetics, Public Library of Science, vol. 3(9), pages 1-15, September.
    7. Kazi Abdul, Mannan, 2020. "A Theory of Matriarchism: The Universal Origins of Humanity," MPRA Paper 105016, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 2020.

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