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Optical separation of mechanical strain from charge doping in graphene

Author

Listed:
  • Ji Eun Lee

    (Kyung Hee University, Yongin
    Present address: Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon 305-340, Republic of Korea.)

  • Gwanghyun Ahn

    (Kyung Hee University, Yongin)

  • Jihye Shim

    (Kyung Hee University, Yongin)

  • Young Sik Lee

    (Kyung Hee University, Yongin)

  • Sunmin Ryu

    (Kyung Hee University, Yongin)

Abstract

Because of its superior stretchability, graphene exhibits rich structural deformation behaviours and its strain engineering has proven useful in modifying its electronic and magnetic properties. Despite the strain-sensitivity of the Raman G and 2D modes, the optical characterization of the native strain in graphene on silica substrates has been hampered by excess charges interfering with both modes. Here we show that the effects of strain and charges can be optically separated from each other by correlation analysis of the two modes, enabling simple quantification of both. Graphene with in-plane strain randomly occurring between −0.2% and 0.4% undergoes modest compression (−0.3%) and significant hole doping on thermal treatments. This study suggests that substrate-mediated mechanical strain is a ubiquitous phenomenon in two-dimensional materials. The proposed analysis will be of great use in characterizing graphene-based materials and devices.

Suggested Citation

  • Ji Eun Lee & Gwanghyun Ahn & Jihye Shim & Young Sik Lee & Sunmin Ryu, 2012. "Optical separation of mechanical strain from charge doping in graphene," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 3(1), pages 1-8, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:3:y:2012:i:1:d:10.1038_ncomms2022
    DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2022
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    1. Yixuan Zhao & Yuqing Song & Zhaoning Hu & Wendong Wang & Zhenghua Chang & Yan Zhang & Qi Lu & Haotian Wu & Junhao Liao & Wentao Zou & Xin Gao & Kaicheng Jia & La Zhuo & Jingyi Hu & Qin Xie & Rui Zhang, 2022. "Large-area transfer of two-dimensional materials free of cracks, contamination and wrinkles via controllable conformal contact," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-10, December.
    2. Yaxin Jiang & Hao Xiong & Tianping Ying & Guo Tian & Xiao Chen & Fei Wei, 2024. "Ultrasmall single-layered NbSe2 nanotubes flattened within a chemical-driven self-pressurized carbon nanotube," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-8, December.
    3. Xin Gao & Liming Zheng & Fang Luo & Jun Qian & Jingyue Wang & Mingzhi Yan & Wendong Wang & Qinci Wu & Junchuan Tang & Yisen Cao & Congwei Tan & Jilin Tang & Mengjian Zhu & Yani Wang & Yanglizhi Li & L, 2022. "Integrated wafer-scale ultra-flat graphene by gradient surface energy modulation," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-9, December.
    4. Guowen Yuan & Weilin Liu & Xianlei Huang & Zihao Wan & Chao Wang & Bing Yao & Wenjie Sun & Hang Zheng & Kehan Yang & Zhenjia Zhou & Yuefeng Nie & Jie Xu & Libo Gao, 2023. "Stacking transfer of wafer-scale graphene-based van der Waals superlattices," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-10, December.
    5. Hao-Ting Chin & Jiri Klimes & I-Fan Hu & Ding-Rui Chen & Hai-Thai Nguyen & Ting-Wei Chen & Shao-Wei Ma & Mario Hofmann & Chi-Te Liang & Ya-Ping Hsieh, 2021. "Ferroelectric 2D ice under graphene confinement," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 12(1), pages 1-7, December.

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