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Wind direction and proximity to larval sites determines malaria risk in Kilifi District in Kenya

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  • Janet T. Midega

    (KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Collaborative Research Programme, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research – Coast, PO Box 230, Kilifi 80108, Kenya.
    Imperial College London, South Kensington campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK.)

  • Dave L. Smith

    (Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
    Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health)

  • Ally Olotu

    (KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Collaborative Research Programme, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research – Coast, PO Box 230, Kilifi 80108, Kenya.)

  • Joseph M. Mwangangi

    (KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Collaborative Research Programme, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research – Coast, PO Box 230, Kilifi 80108, Kenya.)

  • Joseph G. Nzovu

    (KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Collaborative Research Programme, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research – Coast, PO Box 230, Kilifi 80108, Kenya.)

  • Juliana Wambua

    (KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Collaborative Research Programme, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research – Coast, PO Box 230, Kilifi 80108, Kenya.)

  • George Nyangweso

    (KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Collaborative Research Programme, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research – Coast, PO Box 230, Kilifi 80108, Kenya.)

  • Charles M. Mbogo

    (KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Collaborative Research Programme, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research – Coast, PO Box 230, Kilifi 80108, Kenya.)

  • George K. Christophides

    (Imperial College London, South Kensington campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK.)

  • Kevin Marsh

    (KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Collaborative Research Programme, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research – Coast, PO Box 230, Kilifi 80108, Kenya.
    Centre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital)

  • Philip Bejon

    (KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Collaborative Research Programme, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research – Coast, PO Box 230, Kilifi 80108, Kenya.
    Centre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital)

Abstract

Studies of the fine-scale spatial epidemiology of malaria consistently identify malaria hotspots, comprising clusters of homesteads at high transmission intensity. These hotspots sustain transmission, and may be targeted by malaria-control programmes. Here we describe the spatial relationship between the location of Anopheles larval sites and human malaria infection in a cohort study of 642 children, aged 1–10-years-old. Our data suggest that proximity to larval sites predict human malaria infection, when homesteads are upwind of larval sites, but not when homesteads are downwind of larval sites. We conclude that following oviposition, female Anophelines fly upwind in search for human hosts and, thus, malaria transmission may be disrupted by targeting vector larval sites in close proximity, and downwind to malaria hotspots.

Suggested Citation

  • Janet T. Midega & Dave L. Smith & Ally Olotu & Joseph M. Mwangangi & Joseph G. Nzovu & Juliana Wambua & George Nyangweso & Charles M. Mbogo & George K. Christophides & Kevin Marsh & Philip Bejon, 2012. "Wind direction and proximity to larval sites determines malaria risk in Kilifi District in Kenya," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 3(1), pages 1-8, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:3:y:2012:i:1:d:10.1038_ncomms1672
    DOI: 10.1038/ncomms1672
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    Cited by:

    1. T Alex Perkins & Thomas W Scott & Arnaud Le Menach & David L Smith, 2013. "Heterogeneity, Mixing, and the Spatial Scales of Mosquito-Borne Pathogen Transmission," PLOS Computational Biology, Public Library of Science, vol. 9(12), pages 1-16, December.
    2. Peter Winskill & Danilo O Carvalho & Margareth L Capurro & Luke Alphey & Christl A Donnelly & Andrew R McKemey, 2015. "Dispersal of Engineered Male Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes," PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Public Library of Science, vol. 9(11), pages 1-18, November.
    3. Bhowmick, Suman & Irwin, Patrick & Lopez, Kristina & Fritz, Megan Lindsay & Smith, Rebecca Lee, 2026. "A mathematical model of Culex population abundance and the impact of vector control interventions in a patchy environment," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 520(C).
    4. Fauzia K. Musasia & Irene N. Nkumama & Roland Frank & Victor Kipkemboi & Martin Schneider & Kennedy Mwai & Dennis O. Odera & Micha Rosenkranz & Kristin Fürle & Domitila Kimani & James Tuju & Patricia , 2022. "Phagocytosis of Plasmodium falciparum ring-stage parasites predicts protection against malaria," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-12, December.
    5. Kerkow, Antje & Wieland, Ralf & Gethmann, Jörn M. & Hölker, Franz & Lentz, Hartmut H.K., 2022. "Linking a compartment model for West Nile virus with a flight simulator for vector mosquitoes," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 464(C).

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