IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/nat/natcom/v16y2025i1d10.1038_s41467-025-66263-0.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Advancing 2D CMOS electronics with high-performance p-type transistors

Author

Listed:
  • Jianfeng Jiang

    (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Research Laboratory of Electronics and Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science)

  • Xudong Zheng

    (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Research Laboratory of Electronics and Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science)

  • Yifan Liu

    (Peking University, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and Center for Carbon-based Electronics, School of Electronics)

  • Lain-Jong Li

    (National University of Singapore, Department of Materials Science and Engineering)

  • Lin Xu

    (the University of California, Electrical and Computer Engineering)

  • Jing Kong

    (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Research Laboratory of Electronics and Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science)

  • Lian-Mao Peng

    (Peking University, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and Center for Carbon-based Electronics, School of Electronics)

Abstract

Two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors have emerged as promising candidates for enabling complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology in post-silicon electronics. However, a significant performance gap between 2D p-type and n-type transistors hampers their immediate industrial application. In this Comment, we discuss recent advances in high-performance 2D p-type transistors, outline a roadmap for their potential development, and propose benchmark performance metrics to guide future progress.

Suggested Citation

  • Jianfeng Jiang & Xudong Zheng & Yifan Liu & Lain-Jong Li & Lin Xu & Jing Kong & Lian-Mao Peng, 2025. "Advancing 2D CMOS electronics with high-performance p-type transistors," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 16(1), pages 1-7, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:16:y:2025:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-025-66263-0
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-66263-0
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-025-66263-0
    File Function: Abstract
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1038/s41467-025-66263-0?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Jianfeng Jiang & Lin Xu & Chenguang Qiu & Lian-Mao Peng, 2023. "Ballistic two-dimensional InSe transistors," Nature, Nature, vol. 616(7957), pages 470-475, April.
    2. Sui-An Chou & Chen Chang & Bo-Hong Wu & Chih-Piao Chuu & Pai-Chia Kuo & Liang-Hsuan Pan & Kai-Chun Huang & Man-Hong Lai & Yi-Feng Chen & Che-Lun Lee & Hao-Yu Chen & Jessie Shiue & Yu-Ming Chang & Ming, 2025. "Large-scale alkali-assisted growth of monolayer and bilayer WSe2 with a low defect density," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 16(1), pages 1-8, December.
    3. Xudong Zheng & Jiangtao Wang & Jianfeng Jiang & Tianyi Zhang & Jiadi Zhu & Tong Dang & Peng Wu & Ang-Yu Lu & Ding-Rui Chen & Tilo H. Yang & Xinyuan Zhang & Kenan Zhang & Kyung Yeol Ma & Zhien Wang & A, 2025. "Electrostatic-repulsion-based transfer of van der Waals materials," Nature, Nature, vol. 645(8082), pages 906-914, September.
    4. Pin-Chun Shen & Cong Su & Yuxuan Lin & Ang-Sheng Chou & Chao-Ching Cheng & Ji-Hoon Park & Ming-Hui Chiu & Ang-Yu Lu & Hao-Ling Tang & Mohammad Mahdi Tavakoli & Gregory Pitner & Xiang Ji & Zhengyang Ca, 2021. "Ultralow contact resistance between semimetal and monolayer semiconductors," Nature, Nature, vol. 593(7858), pages 211-217, May.
    5. Jia Li & Xiangdong Yang & Yang Liu & Bolong Huang & Ruixia Wu & Zhengwei Zhang & Bei Zhao & Huifang Ma & Weiqi Dang & Zheng Wei & Kai Wang & Zhaoyang Lin & Xingxu Yan & Mingzi Sun & Bo Li & Xiaoqing P, 2020. "General synthesis of two-dimensional van der Waals heterostructure arrays," Nature, Nature, vol. 579(7799), pages 368-374, March.
    6. Weisheng Li & Xiaoshu Gong & Zhihao Yu & Liang Ma & Wenjie Sun & Si Gao & Çağıl Köroğlu & Wenfeng Wang & Lei Liu & Taotao Li & Hongkai Ning & Dongxu Fan & Yifei Xu & Xuecou Tu & Tao Xu & Litao Sun & W, 2023. "Approaching the quantum limit in two-dimensional semiconductor contacts," Nature, Nature, vol. 613(7943), pages 274-279, January.
    7. Ki Seok Kim & Seunghwan Seo & Junyoung Kwon & Doyoon Lee & Changhyun Kim & Jung-El Ryu & Jekyung Kim & Jun Min Suh & Hang-Gyo Jung & Youhwan Jo & June-Chul Shin & Min-Kyu Song & Jin Feng & Hogeun Ahn , 2024. "Growth-based monolithic 3D integration of single-crystal 2D semiconductors," Nature, Nature, vol. 636(8043), pages 615-621, December.
    8. Mingrui Ao & Xiucheng Zhou & Xinjie Kong & Saifei Gou & Sifan Chen & Xiangqi Dong & Yuxuan Zhu & Qicheng Sun & Zhejia Zhang & Jinshu Zhang & Qiran Zhang & Yan Hu & Chuming Sheng & Kaixuan Wang & Shuiy, 2025. "A RISC-V 32-bit microprocessor based on two-dimensional semiconductors," Nature, Nature, vol. 640(8059), pages 654-661, April.
    9. Hao-Yu Lan & Chih-Pin Lin & Lina Liu & Jun Cai & Zheng Sun & Peng Wu & Yuanqiu Tan & Shao-Heng Yang & Tuo-Hung Hou & Joerg Appenzeller & Zhihong Chen, 2025. "Uncovering the doping mechanism of nitric oxide in high-performance P-type WSe2 transistors," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 16(1), pages 1-14, December.
    10. Muhong Wu & Zhibin Zhang & Xiaozhi Xu & Zhihong Zhang & Yunrui Duan & Jichen Dong & Ruixi Qiao & Sifan You & Li Wang & Jiajie Qi & Dingxin Zou & Nianze Shang & Yubo Yang & Hui Li & Lan Zhu & Junliang , 2020. "Seeded growth of large single-crystal copper foils with high-index facets," Nature, Nature, vol. 581(7809), pages 406-410, May.
    11. Max C. Lemme & Deji Akinwande & Cedric Huyghebaert & Christoph Stampfer, 2022. "2D materials for future heterogeneous electronics," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-5, December.
    12. Yan Wang & Jong Chan Kim & Yang Li & Kyung Yeol Ma & Seokmo Hong & Minsu Kim & Hyeon Suk Shin & Hu Young Jeong & Manish Chhowalla, 2022. "P-type electrical contacts for 2D transition-metal dichalcogenides," Nature, Nature, vol. 610(7930), pages 61-66, October.
    13. Subir Ghosh & Yikai Zheng & Musaib Rafiq & Harikrishnan Ravichandran & Yongwen Sun & Chen Chen & Mrinmoy Goswami & Najam U Sakib & Muhtasim Ul Karim Sadaf & Andrew Pannone & Samriddha Ray & Joan M. Re, 2025. "A complementary two-dimensional material-based one instruction set computer," Nature, Nature, vol. 642(8067), pages 327-335, June.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Subir Ghosh & Muhtasim Ul Karim Sadaf & Andrew R. Graves & Yikai Zheng & Andrew Pannone & Samriddha Ray & Chung-Yu Cheng & Jeremy Guevara & Joan M. Redwing & Saptarshi Das, 2025. "High-performance p-type bilayer WSe2 field effect transistors by nitric oxide doping," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 16(1), pages 1-13, December.
    2. Hao-Yu Lan & Chih-Pin Lin & Lina Liu & Jun Cai & Zheng Sun & Peng Wu & Yuanqiu Tan & Shao-Heng Yang & Tuo-Hung Hou & Joerg Appenzeller & Zhihong Chen, 2025. "Uncovering the doping mechanism of nitric oxide in high-performance P-type WSe2 transistors," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 16(1), pages 1-14, December.
    3. Min Yue & Kenan Zhang & Mei Zhao & Yinan Wang & Dong Li & Jieyuan Liang & Biyuan Zheng & Chao Zou & Yu Ye & Peijian Wang & Lijie Zhang & Shun Wang, 2025. "2D Cd metal contacts via low-temperature van der Waals epitaxy towards high-performance 2D transistors," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 16(1), pages 1-12, December.
    4. Sui-An Chou & Chen Chang & Bo-Hong Wu & Chih-Piao Chuu & Pai-Chia Kuo & Liang-Hsuan Pan & Kai-Chun Huang & Man-Hong Lai & Yi-Feng Chen & Che-Lun Lee & Hao-Yu Chen & Jessie Shiue & Yu-Ming Chang & Ming, 2025. "Large-scale alkali-assisted growth of monolayer and bilayer WSe2 with a low defect density," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 16(1), pages 1-8, December.
    5. Xiaodong Zhang & Chenxi Huang & Zeyu Li & Jun Fu & Jiaran Tian & Zhuping Ouyang & Yuliang Yang & Xiang Shao & Yulei Han & Zhenhua Qiao & Hualing Zeng, 2024. "Reliable wafer-scale integration of two-dimensional materials and metal electrodes with van der Waals contacts," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-9, December.
    6. Yu Pan & Tao Jian & Pingfan Gu & Yiwen Song & Qi Wang & Bo Han & Yuqia Ran & Zemin Pan & Yanping Li & Wanjin Xu & Peng Gao & Chendong Zhang & Jun He & Xiaolong Xu & Yu Ye, 2024. "Precise p-type and n-type doping of two-dimensional semiconductors for monolithic integrated circuits," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-8, December.
    7. Lu Li & Qinqin Wang & Fanfan Wu & Qiaoling Xu & Jinpeng Tian & Zhiheng Huang & Qinghe Wang & Xuan Zhao & Qinghua Zhang & Qinkai Fan & Xiuzhen Li & Yalin Peng & Yangkun Zhang & Kunshan Ji & Aomiao Zhi , 2024. "Epitaxy of wafer-scale single-crystal MoS2 monolayer via buffer layer control," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-9, December.
    8. Jun Zhou & Guitao Zhang & Wenhui Wang & Qian Chen & Weiwei Zhao & Hongwei Liu & Bei Zhao & Zhenhua Ni & Junpeng Lu, 2024. "Phase-engineered synthesis of atomically thin te single crystals with high on-state currents," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-10, December.
    9. Xiao Ouyang & Bin Liao & Baoan Bian, 2025. "Interfacial properties in edge-contact Borophene/BAs from first-principle study," The European Physical Journal B: Condensed Matter and Complex Systems, Springer;EDP Sciences, vol. 98(6), pages 1-8, June.
    10. Maosong Xie & Yueyang Jia & Chen Nie & Zuheng Liu & Alvin Tang & Shiquan Fan & Xiaoyao Liang & Li Jiang & Zhezhi He & Rui Yang, 2023. "Monolithic 3D integration of 2D transistors and vertical RRAMs in 1T–4R structure for high-density memory," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-11, December.
    11. Xiangyu Hou & Wei Zhang & Sisheng Duan & Tengyu Jin & Xiangrui Geng & Ming Lin & Yichen Cai & Jingyu Mao & Yizhuo Luo & Jinlong Zhu & Junhao Lin & Wei Chen, 2025. "Scalable transition metal dichalcogenide memtransistor arrays with Schottky-barrier control for energy-efficient artificial neural networks," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 16(1), pages 1-12, December.
    12. Muhtasim Ul Karim Sadaf & Ziheng Chen & Shiva Subbulakshmi Radhakrishnan & Yongwen Sun & Lei Ding & Andrew R. Graves & Yang Yang & Joan M. Redwing & Saptarshi Das, 2025. "Enabling static random-access memory cell scaling with monolithic 3D integration of 2D field-effect transistors," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 16(1), pages 1-10, December.
    13. Seunguk Song & Aram Yoon & Sora Jang & Jason Lynch & Jihoon Yang & Juwon Han & Myeonggi Choe & Young Ho Jin & Cindy Yueli Chen & Yeryun Cheon & Jinsung Kwak & Changwook Jeong & Hyeonsik Cheong & Deep , 2023. "Fabrication of p-type 2D single-crystalline transistor arrays with Fermi-level-tuned van der Waals semimetal electrodes," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-14, December.
    14. Hang Sun & Zhu Du & Yanan Peng & Xiaohui Li & Qiang Wan & Ling Huang & Luying Song & Ziyi Han & Ruihan Xu & Yinuo Li & Yuhang Li & Yulin Jiang & Xiaoxu Zhao & Nan Xu & Lei Liao & Congxin Xia & Jianpin, 2025. "Hole-doping-assisted epitaxial growth of wafer-scale rhombohedral-stacked bilayer transition-metal dichalcogenides single crystals," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 16(1), pages 1-10, December.
    15. Josef Schätz & Navin Nayi & Jonas Weber & Christoph Metzke & Sebastian Lukas & Jürgen Walter & Tim Schaffus & Fabian Streb & Eros Reato & Agata Piacentini & Annika Grundmann & Holger Kalisch & Michael, 2024. "Button shear testing for adhesion measurements of 2D materials," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-11, December.
    16. Subir Ghosh & Andrew Pannone & Dipanjan Sen & Akshay Wali & Harikrishnan Ravichandran & Saptarshi Das, 2023. "An all 2D bio-inspired gustatory circuit for mimicking physiology and psychology of feeding behavior," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-10, December.
    17. John Daniel & Zheng Sun & Xuejian Zhang & Yuanqiu Tan & Neil Dilley & Zhihong Chen & Joerg Appenzeller, 2024. "Experimental demonstration of an on-chip p-bit core based on stochastic magnetic tunnel junctions and 2D MoS2 transistors," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-11, December.
    18. Yong-Jyun Wang & Jian-Wei Zhang & Jianchu Chen & Haonan Wang & Shiuan Wu & Chang-Yu Lo & Jhe-Ting Hong & Cheng-Yang Syu & Li-Syuan Hao & I-Sung Chen & Yuan-Chih Chang & Zhenzhong Yang & Rong Huang & C, 2025. "Polarity modulation in compositionally tunable Bi2O2Se thin films," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 16(1), pages 1-9, December.
    19. Haohao Gu & Kaixin Meng & Ruowei Yuan & Siyang Xiao & Yuying Shan & Rui Zhu & Yajun Deng & Xiaojin Luo & Ruijie Li & Lei Liu & Xu Chen & Yuping Shi & Xiaodong Wang & Chuanhua Duan & Hao Wang, 2024. "Rewritable printing of ionic liquid nanofilm utilizing focused ion beam induced film wetting," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-14, December.
    20. Xiuzhen Li & Biao Qin & Yaxian Wang & Yue Xi & Zhiheng Huang & Mengze Zhao & Yalin Peng & Zitao Chen & Zitian Pan & Jundong Zhu & Chenyang Cui & Rong Yang & Wei Yang & Sheng Meng & Dongxia Shi & Xuedo, 2024. "Sliding ferroelectric memories and synapses based on rhombohedral-stacked bilayer MoS2," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-10, December.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:16:y:2025:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-025-66263-0. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Sonal Shukla or Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.nature.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.