Route-centric ant-inspired memories enable panoramic route-following in a car-like robot

Solitary foraging ants excel at route following using minimal neural resources, Robots don’t. Recent biological studies proposed lateralized, nest-centric memories to explain ants’ direct visual homing but did not address how ants follow curved visual routes away from their nest. We present a biologically inspired neuromorphic model for one-shot panoramic route learning and continuous route following, implemented on a compact car-like robot, Antcar. We demonstrate that route-centric lateralized memories, inspired by the insect mushroom body, enable Antcar to achieve bi-directional route-following, with motivation-driven recognition of route extremities and familiarity-based velocity control. With rigorous Lyapunov-based stability analysis and an empirical memory scalability evaluation, the model was tested over 1.6 km across 113 challenging real-world trials. The system achieves less than 25 cm median lateral error using minimal resources (800-pixel input, 300 MB RAM, 500 mW power, and 18.75 kB memory per 50 m route), offering insights into insect cognition and advancing autonomous robotics under strict resource constraints.