Bioresorbable, wireless dual stimulator for peripheral nerve regeneration

Wireless bioresorbable electrical stimulators have broad potential as therapeutic implants. Such devices operate for a clinically relevant duration and then harmlessly dissolve, eliminating the need for surgical removal. A representative application is in treating peripheral nerve injuries through targeted stimulation at either proximal or distal sites, with operation for up to one week. This report introduces enhanced devices with additional capabilities: (1) simultaneous stimulation of both proximal and distal sites, and (2) robust operation for as long as several months, all achieved with materials that naturally resorb by hydrolysis in surrounding biofluids. Systematic investigations of the materials and design aspects highlight the key features that enable dual stimulation and with enhanced stability. Animal model studies illustrate beneficial effects in promoting peripheral nerve regeneration, as quantified by increased total muscle and muscle fiber cross-sectional area and compound muscle action potentials. These findings expand the clinical applications of bioresorbable stimulators, particularly for long-term nerve regeneration and continuous neuromodulation-based monitoring.