IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/nat/natcom/v16y2025i1d10.1038_s41467-025-58830-2.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

In situ fully vectorial tomography and pupil function retrieval of tightly focused fields

Author

Listed:
  • Xin Liu

    (Zhejiang University
    The University of Hong Kong)

  • Shijie Tu

    (Zhejiang University)

  • Yiwen Hu

    (Zhejiang University)

  • Yifan Peng

    (The University of Hong Kong)

  • Yubing Han

    (Zhejiang University)

  • Cuifang Kuang

    (Zhejiang University
    ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center)

  • Xu Liu

    (Zhejiang University
    ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center)

  • Xiang Hao

    (Zhejiang University
    ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center)

Abstract

Tightly focused optical fields are essential in nano-optics, but their applications have been limited by the challenges of accurate yet efficient characterization. In this article, we develop an in situ method for reconstructing the fully vectorial information of tightly focused fields in 3D space, while simultaneously retrieving the pupil functions. Our approach encodes these fields using phase-modulated focusing and polarization-split detection, followed by decoding through an algorithm based on least-sampling matrix-based Fourier transform and analytically derived gradient. We further employ a focus scanning strategy. When combined with our decoding algorithm, this strategy mitigates the imperfections in the detection path. This approach requires only 10 frames of 2D measurements to realize approximately 90% accuracy in tomography and pupil function retrieval within 10 s. Thus, it serves as a robust and convenient tool for the precise characterization and optimization of light at the nanoscale. We apply this technique to fully vectorial field manipulation, adaptive-optics-assisted nanoscopy, and addressing mixed-state problems.

Suggested Citation

  • Xin Liu & Shijie Tu & Yiwen Hu & Yifan Peng & Yubing Han & Cuifang Kuang & Xu Liu & Xiang Hao, 2025. "In situ fully vectorial tomography and pupil function retrieval of tightly focused fields," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 16(1), pages 1-10, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:16:y:2025:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-025-58830-2
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-58830-2
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-025-58830-2
    File Function: Abstract
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1038/s41467-025-58830-2?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Pierre Thibault & Andreas Menzel, 2013. "Reconstructing state mixtures from diffraction measurements," Nature, Nature, vol. 494(7435), pages 68-71, February.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Benedikt Diederichs & Ziria Herdegen & Achim Strauch & Frank Filbir & Knut Müller-Caspary, 2024. "Exact inversion of partially coherent dynamical electron scattering for picometric structure retrieval," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-9, December.
    2. Philipp M. Pelz & Sinéad M. Griffin & Scott Stonemeyer & Derek Popple & Hannah DeVyldere & Peter Ercius & Alex Zettl & Mary C. Scott & Colin Ophus, 2023. "Solving complex nanostructures with ptychographic atomic electron tomography," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-9, December.
    3. Zehao Dong & Yang Zhang & Chun-Chien Chiu & Sicheng Lu & Jianbing Zhang & Yu-Chen Liu & Suya Liu & Jan-Chi Yang & Pu Yu & Yayu Wang & Zhen Chen, 2025. "Sub-nanometer depth resolution and single dopant visualization achieved by tilt-coupled multislice electron ptychography," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 16(1), pages 1-10, December.
    4. Haozhi Sha & Yixuan Zhang & Yunpeng Ma & Wei Li & Wenfeng Yang & Jizhe Cui & Qian Li & Houbing Huang & Rong Yu, 2024. "Polar vortex hidden in twisted bilayers of paraelectric SrTiO3," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-8, December.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:16:y:2025:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-025-58830-2. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Sonal Shukla or Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.nature.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.