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Microwave-to-optical transduction with erbium ions coupled to planar photonic and superconducting resonators

Author

Listed:
  • Jake Rochman

    (California Institute of Technology
    California Institute of Technology)

  • Tian Xie

    (California Institute of Technology
    California Institute of Technology)

  • John G. Bartholomew

    (California Institute of Technology
    California Institute of Technology
    The University of Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney
    The University of Sydney)

  • K. C. Schwab

    (California Institute of Technology
    California Institute of Technology)

  • Andrei Faraon

    (California Institute of Technology
    California Institute of Technology)

Abstract

Optical quantum networks can connect distant quantum processors to enable secure quantum communication and distributed quantum computing. Superconducting qubits are a leading technology for quantum information processing but cannot couple to long-distance optical networks without an efficient, coherent, and low noise interface between microwave and optical photons. Here, we demonstrate a microwave-to-optical transducer using an ensemble of erbium ions that is simultaneously coupled to a superconducting microwave resonator and a nanophotonic optical resonator. The coherent atomic transitions of the ions mediate the frequency conversion from microwave photons to optical photons and using photon counting we observed device conversion efficiency approaching 10−7. With pulsed operation at a low duty cycle, the device maintained a spin temperature below 100 mK and microwave resonator heating of less than 0.15 quanta.

Suggested Citation

  • Jake Rochman & Tian Xie & John G. Bartholomew & K. C. Schwab & Andrei Faraon, 2023. "Microwave-to-optical transduction with erbium ions coupled to planar photonic and superconducting resonators," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-9, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:14:y:2023:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-023-36799-0
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36799-0
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Jonathan M. Kindem & Andrei Ruskuc & John G. Bartholomew & Jake Rochman & Yan Qi Huan & Andrei Faraon, 2020. "Control and single-shot readout of an ion embedded in a nanophotonic cavity," Nature, Nature, vol. 580(7802), pages 201-204, April.
    2. John G. Bartholomew & Jake Rochman & Tian Xie & Jonathan M. Kindem & Andrei Ruskuc & Ioana Craiciu & Mi Lei & Andrei Faraon, 2020. "On-chip coherent microwave-to-optical transduction mediated by ytterbium in YVO4," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 11(1), pages 1-6, December.
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