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Experimental realization of an extended Fermi-Hubbard model using a 2D lattice of dopant-based quantum dots

Author

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  • Xiqiao Wang

    (National Institute of Standards and Technology
    University of Maryland
    Rigetti Computing)

  • Ehsan Khatami

    (San José State University)

  • Fan Fei

    (National Institute of Standards and Technology
    University of Maryland)

  • Jonathan Wyrick

    (National Institute of Standards and Technology)

  • Pradeep Namboodiri

    (National Institute of Standards and Technology)

  • Ranjit Kashid

    (National Institute of Standards and Technology
    Center for Materials for Electronics Technology)

  • Albert F. Rigosi

    (National Institute of Standards and Technology)

  • Garnett Bryant

    (National Institute of Standards and Technology
    University of Maryland)

  • Richard Silver

    (National Institute of Standards and Technology)

Abstract

The Hubbard model is an essential tool for understanding many-body physics in condensed matter systems. Artificial lattices of dopants in silicon are a promising method for the analog quantum simulation of extended Fermi-Hubbard Hamiltonians in the strong interaction regime. However, complex atom-based device fabrication requirements have meant emulating a tunable two-dimensional Fermi-Hubbard Hamiltonian in silicon has not been achieved. Here, we fabricate 3 × 3 arrays of single/few-dopant quantum dots with finite disorder and demonstrate tuning of the electron ensemble using gates and probe the many-body states using quantum transport measurements. By controlling the lattice constants, we tune the hopping amplitude and long-range interactions and observe the finite-size analogue of a transition from metallic to Mott insulating behavior. We simulate thermally activated hopping and Hubbard band formation using increased temperatures. As atomically precise fabrication continues to improve, these results enable a new class of engineered artificial lattices to simulate interactive fermionic models.

Suggested Citation

  • Xiqiao Wang & Ehsan Khatami & Fan Fei & Jonathan Wyrick & Pradeep Namboodiri & Ranjit Kashid & Albert F. Rigosi & Garnett Bryant & Richard Silver, 2022. "Experimental realization of an extended Fermi-Hubbard model using a 2D lattice of dopant-based quantum dots," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-12, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:13:y:2022:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-022-34220-w
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34220-w
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    References listed on IDEAS

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