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Protection of Omicron sub-lineage infection against reinfection with another Omicron sub-lineage

Author

Listed:
  • Hiam Chemaitelly

    (Cornell University
    Weill Cornell Medicine–Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation – Education City
    Cornell University)

  • Houssein H. Ayoub

    (Qatar University)

  • Peter Coyle

    (Hamad Medical Corporation
    Qatar University
    Queens University)

  • Patrick Tang

    (Sidra Medicine)

  • Hadi M. Yassine

    (Qatar University
    Qatar University)

  • Hebah A. Al-Khatib

    (Qatar University
    Qatar University)

  • Maria K. Smatti

    (Qatar University
    Qatar University)

  • Mohammad R. Hasan

    (Sidra Medicine)

  • Zaina Al-Kanaani

    (Hamad Medical Corporation)

  • Einas Al-Kuwari

    (Hamad Medical Corporation)

  • Andrew Jeremijenko

    (Hamad Medical Corporation)

  • Anvar Hassan Kaleeckal

    (Hamad Medical Corporation)

  • Ali Nizar Latif

    (Hamad Medical Corporation)

  • Riyazuddin Mohammad Shaik

    (Hamad Medical Corporation)

  • Hanan F. Abdul-Rahim

    (Qatar University)

  • Gheyath K. Nasrallah

    (Qatar University
    Qatar University)

  • Mohamed Ghaith Al-Kuwari

    (Primary Health Care Corporation)

  • Adeel A. Butt

    (Cornell University
    Hamad Medical Corporation
    Cornell University)

  • Hamad Eid Al-Romaihi

    (Ministry of Public Health)

  • Mohamed H. Al-Thani

    (Ministry of Public Health)

  • Abdullatif Al-Khal

    (Hamad Medical Corporation)

  • Roberto Bertollini

    (Ministry of Public Health)

  • Laith J. Abu-Raddad

    (Cornell University
    Weill Cornell Medicine–Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation – Education City
    Cornell University
    Qatar University)

Abstract

There is significant genetic distance between SARS-CoV-2 Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant BA.1 and BA.2 sub-lineages. This study investigates immune protection of infection with one sub-lineage against reinfection with the other sub-lineage in Qatar during a large BA.1 and BA.2 Omicron wave, from December 19, 2021 to March 21, 2022. Two national matched, retrospective cohort studies are conducted to estimate effectiveness of BA.1 infection against reinfection with BA.2 (N = 20,994; BA.1-against-BA.2 study), and effectiveness of BA.2 infection against reinfection with BA.1 (N = 110,315; BA.2-against-BA.1 study). Associations are estimated using Cox proportional-hazards regression models after multiple imputation to assign a sub-lineage status for cases with no sub-lineage status (using probabilities based on the test date). Effectiveness of BA.1 infection against reinfection with BA.2 is estimated at 94.2% (95% CI: 89.2–96.9%). Effectiveness of BA.2 infection against reinfection with BA.1 is estimated at 80.9% (95% CI: 73.1–86.4%). Infection with the BA.1 sub-lineage appears to induce strong, but not full immune protection against reinfection with the BA.2 sub-lineage, and vice versa, for at least several weeks after the initial infection.

Suggested Citation

  • Hiam Chemaitelly & Houssein H. Ayoub & Peter Coyle & Patrick Tang & Hadi M. Yassine & Hebah A. Al-Khatib & Maria K. Smatti & Mohammad R. Hasan & Zaina Al-Kanaani & Einas Al-Kuwari & Andrew Jeremijenko, 2022. "Protection of Omicron sub-lineage infection against reinfection with another Omicron sub-lineage," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-11, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:13:y:2022:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-022-32363-4
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32363-4
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Laith J. Abu-Raddad & Hiam Chemaitelly & Houssein H. Ayoub & Patrick Tang & Peter Coyle & Mohammad R. Hasan & Hadi M. Yassine & Fatiha M. Benslimane & Hebah A. Al-Khatib & Zaina Al-Kanaani & Einas Al-, 2022. "Relative infectiousness of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine breakthrough infections, reinfections, and primary infections," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-11, December.
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    3. Delphine Planas & Nell Saunders & Piet Maes & Florence Guivel-Benhassine & Cyril Planchais & Julian Buchrieser & William-Henry Bolland & Françoise Porrot & Isabelle Staropoli & Frederic Lemoine & Hélè, 2022. "Considerable escape of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron to antibody neutralization," Nature, Nature, vol. 602(7898), pages 671-675, February.
    4. Hiam Chemaitelly & Houssein H. Ayoub & Sawsan AlMukdad & Peter Coyle & Patrick Tang & Hadi M. Yassine & Hebah A. Al-Khatib & Maria K. Smatti & Mohammad R. Hasan & Zaina Al-Kanaani & Einas Al-Kuwari & , 2022. "Duration of mRNA vaccine protection against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 subvariants in Qatar," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-12, December.
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    Cited by:

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    2. Atienza-Diez, Iker & Seoane, Luís F., 2023. "Long- and short-term effects of cross-immunity in epidemic dynamics," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 174(C).
    3. Chengzi I. Kaku & Tyler N. Starr & Panpan Zhou & Haley L. Dugan & Paul Khalifé & Ge Song & Elizabeth R. Champney & Daniel W. Mielcarz & James C. Geoghegan & Dennis R. Burton & Raiees Andrabi & Jesse D, 2023. "Evolution of antibody immunity following Omicron BA.1 breakthrough infection," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-13, December.

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