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Large differences in carbohydrate degradation and transport potential among lichen fungal symbionts

Author

Listed:
  • Philipp Resl

    (University of Graz, Institute of Biology
    Diversity and Evolution of Plants)

  • Adina R. Bujold

    (University of Alberta, Biological Sciences CW405)

  • Gulnara Tagirdzhanova

    (University of Alberta, Biological Sciences CW405)

  • Peter Meidl

    (Diversity and Evolution of Plants)

  • Sandra Freire Rallo

    (Rey Juan Carlos University, Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica)

  • Mieko Kono

    (Swedish Museum of Natural History, Botany Department)

  • Samantha Fernández-Brime

    (Swedish Museum of Natural History, Botany Department)

  • Hörður Guðmundsson

    (University of Iceland)

  • Ólafur Sigmar Andrésson

    (University of Iceland)

  • Lucia Muggia

    (University of Trieste, Department of Life Sciences)

  • Helmut Mayrhofer

    (University of Graz, Institute of Biology)

  • John P. McCutcheon

    (University of Montana
    Arizona State University)

  • Mats Wedin

    (Swedish Museum of Natural History, Botany Department)

  • Silke Werth

    (Diversity and Evolution of Plants)

  • Lisa M. Willis

    (University of Alberta, Biological Sciences CW405)

  • Toby Spribille

    (University of Alberta, Biological Sciences CW405)

Abstract

Lichen symbioses are thought to be stabilized by the transfer of fixed carbon from a photosynthesizing symbiont to a fungus. In other fungal symbioses, carbohydrate subsidies correlate with reductions in plant cell wall-degrading enzymes, but whether this is true of lichen fungal symbionts (LFSs) is unknown. Here, we predict genes encoding carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) and sugar transporters in 46 genomes from the Lecanoromycetes, the largest extant clade of LFSs. All LFSs possess a robust CAZyme arsenal including enzymes acting on cellulose and hemicellulose, confirmed by experimental assays. However, the number of genes and predicted functions of CAZymes vary widely, with some fungal symbionts possessing arsenals on par with well-known saprotrophic fungi. These results suggest that stable fungal association with a phototroph does not in itself result in fungal CAZyme loss, and lends support to long-standing hypotheses that some lichens may augment fixed CO2 with carbon from external sources.

Suggested Citation

  • Philipp Resl & Adina R. Bujold & Gulnara Tagirdzhanova & Peter Meidl & Sandra Freire Rallo & Mieko Kono & Samantha Fernández-Brime & Hörður Guðmundsson & Ólafur Sigmar Andrésson & Lucia Muggia & Helmu, 2022. "Large differences in carbohydrate degradation and transport potential among lichen fungal symbionts," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-13, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:13:y:2022:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-022-30218-6
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30218-6
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. François Lutzoni & Michael D. Nowak & Michael E. Alfaro & Valérie Reeb & Jolanta Miadlikowska & Michael Krug & A. Elizabeth Arnold & Louise A. Lewis & David L. Swofford & David Hibbett & Khidir Hilu &, 2018. "Contemporaneous radiations of fungi and plants linked to symbiosis," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 9(1), pages 1-11, December.
    2. Shingo Miyauchi & Enikő Kiss & Alan Kuo & Elodie Drula & Annegret Kohler & Marisol Sánchez-García & Emmanuelle Morin & Bill Andreopoulos & Kerrie W. Barry & Gregory Bonito & Marc Buée & Akiko Carver &, 2020. "Large-scale genome sequencing of mycorrhizal fungi provides insights into the early evolution of symbiotic traits," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 11(1), pages 1-17, December.
    3. François Lutzoni & Mark Pagel & Valérie Reeb, 2001. "Major fungal lineages are derived from lichen symbiotic ancestors," Nature, Nature, vol. 411(6840), pages 937-940, June.
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