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Seasonal mixed layer depth shapes phytoplankton physiology, viral production, and accumulation in the North Atlantic

Author

Listed:
  • Ben P. Diaz

    (Rutgers University)

  • Ben Knowles

    (Rutgers University
    University of California, Los Angeles)

  • Christopher T. Johns

    (Rutgers University)

  • Christien P. Laber

    (Rutgers University
    Linnaeus University)

  • Karen Grace V. Bondoc

    (Rutgers University)

  • Liti Haramaty

    (Rutgers University)

  • Frank Natale

    (Rutgers University)

  • Elizabeth L. Harvey

    (University of New Hampshire)

  • Sasha J. Kramer

    (University of California, Santa Barbara
    University of California, Santa Barbara)

  • Luis M. Bolaños

    (Oregon State University
    University of Exeter)

  • Daniel P. Lowenstein

    (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution)

  • Helen F. Fredricks

    (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution)

  • Jason Graff

    (Oregon State University)

  • Toby K. Westberry

    (Oregon State University)

  • Kristina D. A. Mojica

    (Oregon State University
    The University of Southern Mississippi, Stennis Space Center)

  • Nils Haëntjens

    (University of Maine)

  • Nicholas Baetge

    (Marine Science Institute, University of California Santa Barbara)

  • Peter Gaube

    (University of Washington, Air−Sea Interaction and Remote Sensing Department)

  • Emmanuel Boss

    (University of Maine)

  • Craig A. Carlson

    (Marine Science Institute, University of California Santa Barbara)

  • Michael J. Behrenfeld

    (Oregon State University)

  • Benjamin A. S. Mooy

    (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution)

  • Kay D. Bidle

    (Rutgers University)

Abstract

Seasonal shifts in phytoplankton accumulation and loss largely follow changes in mixed layer depth, but the impact of mixed layer depth on cell physiology remains unexplored. Here, we investigate the physiological state of phytoplankton populations associated with distinct bloom phases and mixing regimes in the North Atlantic. Stratification and deep mixing alter community physiology and viral production, effectively shaping accumulation rates. Communities in relatively deep, early-spring mixed layers are characterized by low levels of stress and high accumulation rates, while those in the recently shallowed mixed layers in late-spring have high levels of oxidative stress. Prolonged stratification into early autumn manifests in negative accumulation rates, along with pronounced signatures of compromised membranes, death-related protease activity, virus production, nutrient drawdown, and lipid markers indicative of nutrient stress. Positive accumulation renews during mixed layer deepening with transition into winter, concomitant with enhanced nutrient supply and lessened viral pressure.

Suggested Citation

  • Ben P. Diaz & Ben Knowles & Christopher T. Johns & Christien P. Laber & Karen Grace V. Bondoc & Liti Haramaty & Frank Natale & Elizabeth L. Harvey & Sasha J. Kramer & Luis M. Bolaños & Daniel P. Lowen, 2021. "Seasonal mixed layer depth shapes phytoplankton physiology, viral production, and accumulation in the North Atlantic," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 12(1), pages 1-16, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:12:y:2021:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-021-26836-1
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26836-1
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Udriste C & Tevy I, 2019. "Growth of Phytoplankton," Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research, Biomedical Research Network+, LLC, vol. 13(2), pages 9793-9794, January.
    2. Kevin W. Becker & James R. Collins & Bryndan P. Durham & Ryan D. Groussman & Angelicque E. White & Helen F. Fredricks & Justin E. Ossolinski & Daniel J. Repeta & Paul Carini & E. Virginia Armbrust & B, 2018. "Daily changes in phytoplankton lipidomes reveal mechanisms of energy storage in the open ocean," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 9(1), pages 1-9, December.
    3. A. Mignot & R. Ferrari & H. Claustre, 2018. "Floats with bio-optical sensors reveal what processes trigger the North Atlantic bloom," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 9(1), pages 1-9, December.
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