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Two doses of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination induce robust immune responses to emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern

Author

Listed:
  • Donal T. Skelly

    (University of Oxford
    University of Oxford
    Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust)

  • Adam C. Harding

    (University of Oxford)

  • Javier Gilbert-Jaramillo

    (University of Oxford)

  • Michael L. Knight

    (University of Oxford)

  • Stephanie Longet

    (Public Health England
    University of Oxford)

  • Anthony Brown

    (University of Oxford)

  • Sandra Adele

    (University of Oxford)

  • Emily Adland

    (University of Oxford)

  • Helen Brown

    (University of Oxford)

  • Tom Tipton

    (Public Health England
    University of Oxford)

  • Lizzie Stafford

    (University of Oxford)

  • Alexander J. Mentzer

    (University of Oxford
    University of Oxford)

  • Síle A. Johnson

    (Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
    University of Oxford)

  • Ali Amini

    (University of Oxford
    Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
    University of Oxford)

  • Tiong Kit Tan

    (University of Oxford)

  • Lisa Schimanski

    (University of Oxford
    University of Oxford)

  • Kuan-Ying A. Huang

    (Taoyuan, and Taipei Medical University)

  • Pramila Rijal

    (University of Oxford
    University of Oxford)

  • John Frater

    (University of Oxford
    Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust)

  • Philip Goulder

    (University of Oxford)

  • Christopher P. Conlon

    (University of Oxford)

  • Katie Jeffery

    (Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust)

  • Christina Dold

    (University of Oxford
    NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre)

  • Andrew J. Pollard

    (University of Oxford
    NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre)

  • Alex Sigal

    (Africa Health Research Institute
    University of KwaZulu-Natal
    Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology)

  • Tulio Oliveira

    (University of KwaZulu-Natal
    KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform
    Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa
    University of Washington)

  • Alain R. Townsend

    (University of Oxford
    University of Oxford)

  • Paul Klenerman

    (University of Oxford
    Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
    University of Oxford
    NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre)

  • Susanna J. Dunachie

    (University of Oxford
    Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
    Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit
    University of Oxford)

  • Eleanor Barnes

    (University of Oxford
    Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
    University of Oxford
    NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre)

  • Miles W. Carroll

    (Public Health England
    University of Oxford)

  • William S. James

    (University of Oxford)

Abstract

The extent to which immune responses to natural infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and immunization with vaccines protect against variants of concern (VOC) is of increasing importance. Accordingly, here we analyse antibodies and T cells of a recently vaccinated, UK cohort, alongside those recovering from natural infection in early 2020. We show that neutralization of the VOC compared to a reference isolate of the original circulating lineage, B, is reduced: more profoundly against B.1.351 than for B.1.1.7, and in responses to infection or a single dose of vaccine than to a second dose of vaccine. Importantly, high magnitude T cell responses are generated after two vaccine doses, with the majority of the T cell response directed against epitopes that are conserved between the prototype isolate B and the VOC. Vaccination is required to generate high potency immune responses to protect against these and other emergent variants.

Suggested Citation

  • Donal T. Skelly & Adam C. Harding & Javier Gilbert-Jaramillo & Michael L. Knight & Stephanie Longet & Anthony Brown & Sandra Adele & Emily Adland & Helen Brown & Tom Tipton & Lizzie Stafford & Alexand, 2021. "Two doses of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination induce robust immune responses to emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 12(1), pages 1-12, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:12:y:2021:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-021-25167-5
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25167-5
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    Cited by:

    1. Daan K. J. Pieren & Sebastián G. Kuguel & Joel Rosado & Alba G. Robles & Joan Rey-Cano & Cristina Mancebo & Juliana Esperalba & Vicenç Falcó & María J. Buzón & Meritxell Genescà, 2023. "Limited induction of polyfunctional lung-resident memory T cells against SARS-CoV-2 by mRNA vaccination compared to infection," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-14, December.
    2. Meriem Bekliz & Kenneth Adea & Pauline Vetter & Christiane S. Eberhardt & Krisztina Hosszu-Fellous & Diem-Lan Vu & Olha Puhach & Manel Essaidi-Laziosi & Sophie Waldvogel-Abramowski & Caroline Stephan , 2022. "Neutralization capacity of antibodies elicited through homologous or heterologous infection or vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 VOCs," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-10, December.
    3. Sun Jin Kim & Zhong Yao & Morgan C. Marsh & Debra M. Eckert & Michael S. Kay & Anna Lyakisheva & Maria Pasic & Aiyush Bansal & Chaim Birnboim & Prabhat Jha & Yannick Galipeau & Marc-André Langlois & J, 2022. "Homogeneous surrogate virus neutralization assay to rapidly assess neutralization activity of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-9, December.
    4. Matthias Reinscheid & Hendrik Luxenburger & Vivien Karl & Anne Graeser & Sebastian Giese & Kevin Ciminski & David B. Reeg & Valerie Oberhardt & Natascha Roehlen & Julia Lang-Meli & Kathrin Heim & Nina, 2022. "COVID-19 mRNA booster vaccine induces transient CD8+ T effector cell responses while conserving the memory pool for subsequent reactivation," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-11, December.
    5. Adriana Tomic & Donal T. Skelly & Ane Ogbe & Daniel O’Connor & Matthew Pace & Emily Adland & Frances Alexander & Mohammad Ali & Kirk Allott & M. Azim Ansari & Sandra Belij-Rammerstorfer & Sagida Bibi , 2022. "Divergent trajectories of antiviral memory after SARS-CoV-2 infection," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-20, December.

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