IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/nat/natcom/v12y2021i1d10.1038_s41467-021-22539-9.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Power of data in quantum machine learning

Author

Listed:
  • Hsin-Yuan Huang

    (Google Quantum AI
    Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, Caltech
    Caltech)

  • Michael Broughton

    (Google Quantum AI)

  • Masoud Mohseni

    (Google Quantum AI)

  • Ryan Babbush

    (Google Quantum AI)

  • Sergio Boixo

    (Google Quantum AI)

  • Hartmut Neven

    (Google Quantum AI)

  • Jarrod R. McClean

    (Google Quantum AI)

Abstract

The use of quantum computing for machine learning is among the most exciting prospective applications of quantum technologies. However, machine learning tasks where data is provided can be considerably different than commonly studied computational tasks. In this work, we show that some problems that are classically hard to compute can be easily predicted by classical machines learning from data. Using rigorous prediction error bounds as a foundation, we develop a methodology for assessing potential quantum advantage in learning tasks. The bounds are tight asymptotically and empirically predictive for a wide range of learning models. These constructions explain numerical results showing that with the help of data, classical machine learning models can be competitive with quantum models even if they are tailored to quantum problems. We then propose a projected quantum model that provides a simple and rigorous quantum speed-up for a learning problem in the fault-tolerant regime. For near-term implementations, we demonstrate a significant prediction advantage over some classical models on engineered data sets designed to demonstrate a maximal quantum advantage in one of the largest numerical tests for gate-based quantum machine learning to date, up to 30 qubits.

Suggested Citation

  • Hsin-Yuan Huang & Michael Broughton & Masoud Mohseni & Ryan Babbush & Sergio Boixo & Hartmut Neven & Jarrod R. McClean, 2021. "Power of data in quantum machine learning," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 12(1), pages 1-9, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:12:y:2021:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-021-22539-9
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22539-9
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-021-22539-9
    File Function: Abstract
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1038/s41467-021-22539-9?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Eric R. Anschuetz & Bobak T. Kiani, 2022. "Quantum variational algorithms are swamped with traps," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-10, December.
    2. Junyu Liu & Minzhao Liu & Jin-Peng Liu & Ziyu Ye & Yunfei Wang & Yuri Alexeev & Jens Eisert & Liang Jiang, 2024. "Towards provably efficient quantum algorithms for large-scale machine-learning models," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-6, December.
    3. Muhammad Junaid Umer & Muhammad Imran Sharif, 2022. "A Comprehensive Survey on Quantum Machine Learning and Possible Applications," International Journal of E-Health and Medical Communications (IJEHMC), IGI Global, vol. 13(5), pages 1-17, October.
    4. Wei-Ming Li & Shi-Ju Ran, 2022. "Non-Parametric Semi-Supervised Learning in Many-Body Hilbert Space with Rescaled Logarithmic Fidelity," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 10(6), pages 1-15, March.
    5. Supanut Thanasilp & Samson Wang & M. Cerezo & Zoë Holmes, 2024. "Exponential concentration in quantum kernel methods," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-13, December.
    6. Xinbiao Wang & Yuxuan Du & Zhuozhuo Tu & Yong Luo & Xiao Yuan & Dacheng Tao, 2024. "Transition role of entangled data in quantum machine learning," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-8, December.
    7. Matthias C. Caro & Hsin-Yuan Huang & M. Cerezo & Kunal Sharma & Andrew Sornborger & Lukasz Cincio & Patrick J. Coles, 2022. "Generalization in quantum machine learning from few training data," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-11, December.
    8. Matthias C. Caro & Hsin-Yuan Huang & Nicholas Ezzell & Joe Gibbs & Andrew T. Sornborger & Lukasz Cincio & Patrick J. Coles & Zoë Holmes, 2023. "Out-of-distribution generalization for learning quantum dynamics," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-9, December.
    9. Dylan Herman & Cody Googin & Xiaoyuan Liu & Alexey Galda & Ilya Safro & Yue Sun & Marco Pistoia & Yuri Alexeev, 2022. "A Survey of Quantum Computing for Finance," Papers 2201.02773, arXiv.org, revised Jun 2022.
    10. Laura Lewis & Hsin-Yuan Huang & Viet T. Tran & Sebastian Lehner & Richard Kueng & John Preskill, 2024. "Improved machine learning algorithm for predicting ground state properties," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-8, December.
    11. Sitan Chen & Jordan Cotler & Hsin-Yuan Huang & Jerry Li, 2023. "The complexity of NISQ," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-6, December.
    12. Sofiene Jerbi & Lukas J. Fiderer & Hendrik Poulsen Nautrup & Jonas M. Kübler & Hans J. Briegel & Vedran Dunjko, 2023. "Quantum machine learning beyond kernel methods," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-8, December.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:12:y:2021:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-021-22539-9. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    We have no bibliographic references for this item. You can help adding them by using this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Sonal Shukla or Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.nature.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.