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Employment Challenges Faced by People with Criminal Histories

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  • Steven Raphael

Abstract

People with criminal histories face many challenges in the labor market. How do the employment outcomes of people with criminal histories compare to those without? Which public policies best promote the reintegration of people with criminal histories into the workforce? Drawing upon data from U.S. household surveys and the extensive body of research exploring the employment challenges faced by people with criminal histories, I first document the employment challenges faced by those most likely to be involved with the criminal justice system. I then review research pertaining to policies intended to improve employment prospects for those with official criminal records.

Suggested Citation

  • Steven Raphael, 2025. "Employment Challenges Faced by People with Criminal Histories," Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics (JITE), Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen, vol. 181(1), pages 44-71.
  • Handle: RePEc:mhr:jinste:urn:doi:10.1628/jite-2025-0014
    DOI: 10.1628/jite-2025-0014
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    unemployment; criminal history; employment dynamics;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • J01 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - General - - - Labor Economics: General
    • J64 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers - - - Unemployment: Models, Duration, Incidence, and Job Search
    • J15 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Economics of Minorities, Races, Indigenous Peoples, and Immigrants; Non-labor Discrimination
    • K14 - Law and Economics - - Basic Areas of Law - - - Criminal Law

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