Internal and External Migration

The economic and social evolution of Romania over the last thirty years, marked by an increasingly sharp decrease of the national economic potential and, implicitly, of the incomes of a large part of the population, concomitantly with the liberalization of the labor market globally, has determined a large number of Romanians to turn their attention to employment in developed European countries. Migration is a complex process, with social effects that involve long-term consequences, a global phenomenon that has acquired very large dimensions, contributing to the formation of the states population. Migratory flows influence, both quantitatively and qualitatively, the demographic, social and economic security of all countries. This article aims to analyze the phenomenon in both directions, of the internal rural-urban as well as urban-rural but also external migration, in the context of Romania being in the top five countries of the EU with the largest number of migrants. There are certain phenomena appearing such as ruralisation and suburbanization, characterized as natural processes, going through or have gone much of the world cities. Finally, this paper aims to provide an overview of the Romanian migratory phenomenon in perspective compared to Poland and also which are the main causes of the significant difference between the two countries. The positive and negative effects of internal and external migration on the migrant's household, poverty reduction and increased access to infrastructure are also highlighted.