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Traditional Bullying and Cyberbullying: Typology of Victims and Aggressors in Slovakia

Author

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  • Katarina Kohútová

    (Faculty of Education, Catholic University in Ružomberok, Slovakia)

  • Angela AlmaÅ¡iová

    (Department of Social Work, Faculty of Education, Catholic University in Ružomberok, Slovakia)

  • Juraj HoldoÅ¡

    (Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts and Letters, Catholic University in Ružomberok, Slovakia)

  • Pavel Izrael

    (Department of Journalism, Faculty of Arts and Letters, Catholic University in Ružomberok, Slovakia)

  • Gheorghe Balint

    (Faculty of Movement, Sport and Health Sciences, Physical Education and Sport Performance Department, “Vasile Alecsandri†University of Bacău, Romania)

Abstract

Bullying is a serious sociopathological phenomenon occurring among children and youth. The primary aim of the paper was to create a typology in terms of roles in the bullying process and subsequently a typology in terms of forms of bullying (traditional bullying and cyberbullying). The research group consisted of 1423 children and adolescents (48% girls), average age 13 years. A two-step cluster analysis was performed. The results show that 70% of children and adolescents do not participate in bullying, 15% belong to the victim group, 9% belong to the victim/aggressor group, and 6% belong to the aggressor group, while there are differences in sociodemographic characteristics. Victims experienced three types of victimization – in-person and online, only in-person and only online. Up to 30% of children and adolescents have experienced some form of bullying.

Suggested Citation

  • Katarina Kohútová & Angela AlmaÅ¡iová & Juraj HoldoÅ¡ & Pavel Izrael & Gheorghe Balint, 2025. "Traditional Bullying and Cyberbullying: Typology of Victims and Aggressors in Slovakia," Revista romaneasca pentru educatie multidimensionala - Journal for Multidimensional Education, Editura Lumen, Department of Economics, vol. 17(4), pages 138-152, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:lum:rev1rl:v:17:y:2025:i:4:p:138-152
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.18662/rrem/17.4/1050
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