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The artificial intelligence patent dataset (AIPD) 2023 update

Author

Listed:
  • Nicholas A. Pairolero

    (United States Patent and Trademark Office)

  • Alexander V. Giczy

    (United States Patent and Trademark Office
    Addx Corporation)

  • Gerard Torres

    (Florida International University)

  • Tisa Islam Erana

    (Florida International University)

  • Mark A. Finlayson

    (United States Patent and Trademark Office
    Florida International University)

  • Andrew A. Toole

    (United States Patent and Trademark Office)

Abstract

The 2023 update to the Artificial Intelligence Patent Dataset (AIPD) extends the original AIPD to all United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) patent documents (i.e., patents and pre-grant publications, or PGPubs) published through 2023, while incorporating an improved patent landscaping methodology to identify AI within patents and PGPubs. This new approach substitutes BERT for Patents for the Word2Vec embeddings used previously, and uses active learning to incorporate additional training data closer to the “decision boundary” between AI and not-AI to help improve predictions. We show that this new approach achieves substantially better performance than the original methodology on a set of patent documents where the two methods disagreed—on this set, the AIPD 2023 achieved precision of 68.18 percent and recall of 78.95 percent, while the original AIPD achieved 50 percent and 21.05 percent, respectively. To help researchers, practitioners, and policy-makers better understand the determinants and impacts of AI invention, we have made the AIPD 2023 publicly available on the USPTO’s economic research web page.

Suggested Citation

  • Nicholas A. Pairolero & Alexander V. Giczy & Gerard Torres & Tisa Islam Erana & Mark A. Finlayson & Andrew A. Toole, 2025. "The artificial intelligence patent dataset (AIPD) 2023 update," The Journal of Technology Transfer, Springer, vol. 50(6), pages 2587-2610, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:kap:jtecht:v:50:y:2025:i:6:d:10.1007_s10961-025-10189-8
    DOI: 10.1007/s10961-025-10189-8
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    Keywords

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    JEL classification:

    • O31 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - Innovation and Invention: Processes and Incentives
    • O34 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - Intellectual Property and Intellectual Capital
    • C45 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods: Special Topics - - - Neural Networks and Related Topics
    • L86 - Industrial Organization - - Industry Studies: Services - - - Information and Internet Services; Computer Software

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