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Measuring Democracy and the Quality of Democracy in a World-Wide Approach: Models and Indices of Democracy and the New Findings of the “Democracy Ranking”

Author

Listed:
  • David F. J. Campbell

    (Faculty for Interdisciplinary Studies (IFF), Institute of Science Communication and Higher Education Research (WIHO),University of Klagenfurt, Vienna, Austria)

  • Elias G. Carayannis

    (Department of Information Systems and Technology Management, The George Washington University, School of Business, Washington, DC, USA)

  • Thorsten D. Barth

    (Vienna Democracy Ranking Association,Vienna, Austria)

  • George S. Campbell

    (IBM Austria (retired),Vienna, Austria)

Abstract

The central research question for this article is: How can democracy and the quality of democracy be measured globally and empirically? Certainly, democracy measurement represents a wider research field; however, this article wants to contribute to it by offering to the reader an introduction and by giving first views about the ideas of democracy measurement in a global comparison and world-wide approach. The article contrasts different approaches to the measurement of democracy, with a focus on three macro-models of democracy measurement as well as the democratic indices (indicators) that they apply specifically: Freedom House, Democracy Index and Democracy Ranking. All three initiatives want to measure a large number of democracies over a longer period of time. In conclusion, it could, at least implicitly, be argued for Freedom House: the higher the freedom evaluation of a country, the greater the chances are or the more there is an expectation of a tendency for an advanced quality of democracy.

Suggested Citation

  • David F. J. Campbell & Elias G. Carayannis & Thorsten D. Barth & George S. Campbell, 2013. "Measuring Democracy and the Quality of Democracy in a World-Wide Approach: Models and Indices of Democracy and the New Findings of the “Democracy Ranking”," International Journal of Social Ecology and Sustainable Development (IJSESD), IGI Global, vol. 4(1), pages 1-16, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:igg:jsesd0:v:4:y:2013:i:1:p:1-16
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    Cited by:

    1. David Campbell & Elias Carayannis & Scheherazade Rehman, 2015. "Quadruple Helix Structures of Quality of Democracy in Innovation Systems: the USA, OECD Countries, and EU Member Countries in Global Comparison," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 6(3), pages 467-493, September.
    2. Elias G. Carayannis & David F. J. Campbell & Evangelos Grigoroudis, 2021. "Democracy and the Environment: How Political Freedom Is Linked with Environmental Sustainability," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-15, May.

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