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インドネシア・ジャワ島農村部における職田の貸借慣行と余剰配分, Land Tenancy and Surplus Distribution on Tanah Bengkok in Rural Java, Indonesia

Author

Listed:
  • 黒崎, 卓
  • KUROSAKI, Takashi
  • ソーミック, ポール
  • SAUMIK, Paul
  • フィルマーン, ウィトゥーラル
  • FIRMAN, Witoelar

Abstract

インドネシア・ジャワ島には,世界的にも珍しい職田(tanah bengkok )という制度が現在も存在する.この制度の下では,住民の直接選挙で選出される村長に対し,その報酬として,給与ではなく,村の共有地の耕作権が与えられる.職田は,村長自らが農業経営に利用することもあるが,分益小作や定額地代小作に出されることも多い.職田の利用に関する詳細は,小規模な村落調査を除くとほとんど知られていない.そこで我々は2018年に130村をカバーする農村調査を実施し,1,800家計を超える農地貸出家計と借入家計の詳細なデータを収集した.定額地代の水準や分益比率など,経済余剰の配分を決めるパラメータには村内・村間両方で違いがあるが,職田と私有地の間でどちらが小作農に有利かという点で明確な差は見られない.同様に,職田保有者と小作農の間で経済余剰がどう配分されているかの試算結果からも,2つの小作形態のどちらが有利かに関して明確な違いが現れなかった.他方,小作農の特徴に着目すると,分益小作農は定額小作農よりも貧困家計が多く,その傾向は私有地よりも職田において明確であった., Tanah Bengkok in rural Java, Indonesia, is a unique institution wherein elected village heads receive usufruct rights to parcels of land owned by the village in lieu of salary. Despite its relevance to the political economy of land distribution in Java, the unavailability of systematic data has constrained in-depth empirical research on bengkok land. In 2018, we surveyed 130 villages and more than 1,800 households in Java. We found substantial heterogeneity in the incidence and usage patterns of bengkok land across and within villages. We also observed variations in contract parameters of sharecropping or fixed rental between bengkok and private plots, with no clear pattern favoring tenants or otherwise. Our estimates of the surplus distribution between bengkok landlords and tenants under sharecropping or fixed rental show no clear pattern either. By contrast, the characteristics of tenants significantly differ between fixed rental tenants and sharecroppers(on average, sharecroppers are poorer), and this contrast is more evident on bengkok plots than on private land.

Suggested Citation

  • 黒崎, 卓 & KUROSAKI, Takashi & ソーミック, ポール & SAUMIK, Paul & フィルマーン, ウィトゥーラル & FIRMAN, Witoelar, 2025. "インドネシア・ジャワ島農村部における職田の貸借慣行と余剰配分, Land Tenancy and Surplus Distribution on Tanah Bengkok in Rural Java, Indonesia," Economic Review, Hitotsubashi University, vol. 76(1), pages 2-2, April.
  • Handle: RePEc:hit:ecorev:v:76:y:2025:i:1:p:2-2
    Note: 【論文】
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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • Q15 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Agriculture - - - Land Ownership and Tenure; Land Reform; Land Use; Irrigation; Agriculture and Environment
    • P14 - Political Economy and Comparative Economic Systems - - Capitalist Economies - - - Property Rights
    • O13 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Agriculture; Natural Resources; Environment; Other Primary Products

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