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移動,接触,旅行の新型コロナ感染リスク : ワクチン接種の効果, Risk of Covid-19 Infection and Effect of Vaccination on Outings, Face-to-Face Contact, and Holiday Travel

Author

Listed:
  • Nakata, Daigo

Abstract

本研究では,傾向スコアを用いた逆確率重み付き推計を行い,コロナ禍における人々の移動,対人接触,宿泊旅行が新型コロナ感染リスクにあたえた平均処置効果(ATE およびATT)を推定する.分析に用いるのは,2020 年10 月から2021 年10 月までの期間,インターネット調査会社のモニターを対象として3 か月ごとに行われた調査によるパネルデータである.分析の結果,旅行や対人接触は高リスクではないものの,市中の感染拡大状況に応じて一定水準の平均的な感染リスクを与えるが,そのリスクは性別,年齢や居住地域という個人属性に応じて異なる.ただしコロナ禍の下でも,単純な外出行為そのものは感染リスクを高める行為とは言えない.また,緩やかな非医薬的介入である緊急事態宣言は,都市部における感染リスクを一定程度抑制した可能性がある.さらに,ワクチン接種者と未接種者でサンプルを分割して感染リスクを検証した結果,ワクチンは対人接触や旅行などのリスクを低下させることによって,感染拡大を相当程度抑制する大きな効果をもたらした可能性がある., This study estimates the average treatment effect on the risk of infection for outings, face-to-face contact, and holiday travel during the Covid-19 pandemic. We use panel data from a survey conducted every three months from October 2020 for one year with registrants of an Internet survey company, with inverse probability weighting estimation. The results of the analysis show that holiday travel and face-to-face contact, although not high-risk, reveal a certain level of infection risk depending on the state of spread at the time of each survey, and this risk varies according to individual attributes, such as gender, age, and region of residence. However, even during the Covid-19 pandemic, simple outings did not increase the infection risk, which can be attributed to the declaration of a state of emergency, a moderate NPI implemented in Japanʼs urban areas. Validating a subsample of vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals indicates that vaccination may have a significant effect on reducing the risk of face-to-face contact and holiday travel, thereby reducing the spread of the infection.

Suggested Citation

  • Nakata, Daigo, 2022. "移動,接触,旅行の新型コロナ感染リスク : ワクチン接種の効果, Risk of Covid-19 Infection and Effect of Vaccination on Outings, Face-to-Face Contact, and Holiday Travel," Economic Review, Hitotsubashi University, vol. 73(4), pages 319-342, October.
  • Handle: RePEc:hit:ecorev:v:73:y:2022:i:4:p:319-342
    DOI: 10.15057/74342
    Note: (小特集:コロナ禍の下での経済・社会 : サーベイ調査に基づくエビデンス(2)= The Economy and Society under the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from Surveys (2))
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    File URL: https://hit-u.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/2002903/files/keizaikenkyu07304319.pdf
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    Cited by:

    1. Funashima, Yoshito & Hiraga, Kazuki, 2023. "Did the Japanese government’s travel subsidy increase the number of hotel guests and infection during the COVID-19 pandemic?," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 1005-1025.

    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • I10 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - General
    • I12 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - Health Behavior

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