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救貧法から福祉国家へ―世紀転換期の貧困・失業問題と経済学者―, From the Poor Law to the Welfare State -Economists on the Poverty and Unemployment Problems around the Turn of the Century-

Author

Listed:
  • Nishizawa, Tamotsu

Abstract

本稿は,19世紀末のイギリスにおける貧困および失業問題の認識から,20世紀初頭の社会福祉立法に至る過程を,救貧法から福祉国家へという展望のもとに経済思想と制度に即して明らかにしようとする.まず,救貧法の理念的基礎を提供した「旧派の経済学者」と「新世代の経済学者」マーシャルおよびオクスフォード・エコノミストを対比し,生成途上における福祉国家の理念基礎を検討する.ウェッブ夫妻のナショナル・ミニマム論を考察し,次いで労働行政・福祉行政の担い手であった商務省の「理性主義的官僚」リュエリン・スミスとベヴァリッジを,商務省労働局における労働統計の整備,職業紹介所法,失業保険法の成立過程に即して検討する., This survey article aims to clarify some aspects of the economic thoughts and institutions from the perceptions of poverty and unemployment in the late 19th century to the social welfare legislations in the early 20th century. 'The new generation of economists', i. e., Marshall and the Oxford economists are compared to 'the older economists' who provided the intellectual basis of the poor law, and the intellectual basis of the welfare state in its beginning is discussed. The 'rational bureaucrats' in the Board of Trade, Llewellyn Smith and Beveridge are treated in relation to the Labour Department and the laws of labour exchange and unemployment insurance.

Suggested Citation

  • Nishizawa, Tamotsu, 2000. "救貧法から福祉国家へ―世紀転換期の貧困・失業問題と経済学者―, From the Poor Law to the Welfare State -Economists on the Poverty and Unemployment Problems around the Turn of the Century-," Economic Review, Hitotsubashi University, vol. 51(1), pages 73-91, January.
  • Handle: RePEc:hit:ecorev:v:51:y:2000:i:1:p:73-91
    DOI: 10.15057/21410
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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • B15 - Schools of Economic Thought and Methodology - - History of Economic Thought through 1925 - - - Historical; Institutional; Evolutionary
    • N33 - Economic History - - Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Health, Welfare, Income, Wealth, Religion, and Philanthropy - - - Europe: Pre-1913

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