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Numerical Simulation Study on the Dynamic Diffusion Characteristics of Ammonia Leakage in Ship Engine Room

Author

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  • Xinyu Liu

    (Marine Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China)

  • Guogang Yang

    (Marine Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China)

  • Baixun Sun

    (Marine Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China)

  • Jihui Li

    (Marine Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China)

  • Yinhui Sun

    (Marine Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China)

Abstract

This study established a numerical model for ammonia leakage and diffusion in confined ship engine room spaces and validated its effectiveness through existing experiments. The research revealed the evolution patterns of ammonia cloud dispersion under various working conditions. Multi-parameter coupling analysis demonstrated that the combined effect of leakage source location and obstacle distribution alters the spatial configuration of gas clouds. When leakage jets directly impact obstacles, the resulting vortex structures maximize the coverage area of high-concentration ammonia near the ground. Ventilation system efficiency shows a significant negative correlation with hazardous zone volume. The hazardous zone volume was reduced by 50% when employing a bottom dual-side air intake combined with a top symmetric exhaust scheme, compared to the bottom single-side intake with an opposite-side top exhaust configuration. By enhancing the synergistic effect between longitudinal convection and top suction, harmful gas accumulation in lower spaces was effectively controlled. These findings not only provide a theoretical basis for ventilation system design in ammonia-fueled ships but also offer practical applications for risk prevention and control of maritime ammonia leakage.

Suggested Citation

  • Xinyu Liu & Guogang Yang & Baixun Sun & Jihui Li & Yinhui Sun, 2025. "Numerical Simulation Study on the Dynamic Diffusion Characteristics of Ammonia Leakage in Ship Engine Room," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(9), pages 1-20, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:17:y:2025:i:9:p:3826-:d:1641132
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Chunchang Zhang & Jia Zhu & Huiru Guo & Shuye Xue & Xian Wang & Zhihuan Wang & Taishan Chen & Liu Yang & Xiangming Zeng & Penghao Su, 2024. "Technical Requirements for 2023 IMO GHG Strategy," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(7), pages 1-16, March.
    2. Yanfang Zhao & Feng Liu & Yuanyuan Zhang & Zhanli Wang & Zhen Song & Guanjie Zan & Zhihuan Wang & Huiru Guo & Hanzhe Zhang & Jia Zhu & Penghao Su, 2024. "Economic Assessment of Maritime Fuel Transformation for GHG Reduction in the International Shipping Sector," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(23), pages 1-14, December.
    3. Tuan Dong & Anas Alamoush & Alessandro Schönborn & Peyman Ghaforian Masodzadeh & Chybyung Park & Han-Seon Park & Seyedvahid Vakili & Levent Bilgili & Fabio Ballini & Aykut I. Ölcer, 2025. "Roadmap for the Decarbonization of Domestic Passenger Ferries in the Republic of Korea," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(4), pages 1-22, February.
    4. Hyunyong Lee & Jinkwang Lee & Gilltae Roh & Sangick Lee & Choungho Choung & Hokeun Kang, 2024. "Comparative Life Cycle Assessments and Economic Analyses of Alternative Marine Fuels: Insights for Practical Strategies," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(5), pages 1-33, March.
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