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Analysis of the Historically Compatibility of AI-Assisted Urban Furniture Design Using the Semantic Differentiation Method: The Case of Elazığ Harput

Author

Listed:
  • Ayca Gulten

    (Department of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture, Firat University, 23119 Elazig, Türkiye)

  • Betul Yildirim

    (Department of Architecture, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Firat University, 23119 Elazig, Türkiye)

  • Muge Unal

    (Department of Landscape Architecture, Faculty of Architecture, Firat University, 23119 Elazig, Türkiye)

Abstract

This study examined the historical compatibility of urban furniture in Harput Sarahatun Mosque Square, Elazığ, Türkiye. It evaluated AI-generated modern and classical-style alternatives using the Semantic Differentiation Method. The research aimed to compare existing furniture with AI-assisted designs and identify key attributes influencing historical and spatial integration. The methodology consists of four stages: (1) defining adjective pairs to assess historical compatibility through expert opinions and literature review; (2) photographing existing urban furniture and generating AI-assisted modern and classical-style urban furniture (benches, trash cans, and lighting elements); (3) determination expert opinion using the survey; (4) statistical analysis of results through descriptive statistics and explanatory factor analysis (EFA). The study, which was conducted online in February 2025, involved 31 experts from the architecture and landscape architecture disciplines. The findings show that existing furniture is mainly judged by practicality and usability, with limited attention to historical integration. Modern AI-generated designs emphasize innovation, minimalism, and contemporary aesthetics. In contrast, classical-style AI-generated furniture is appreciated for its historical compatibility, cultural resonance, and aesthetic harmony. Experts favored classical alternatives for their alignment with traditional urban character. The results highlight the need for future designs to balance functionality, sustainability, and historical continuity, ensuring urban furniture contributes to cultural preservation and modern urban needs.

Suggested Citation

  • Ayca Gulten & Betul Yildirim & Muge Unal, 2025. "Analysis of the Historically Compatibility of AI-Assisted Urban Furniture Design Using the Semantic Differentiation Method: The Case of Elazığ Harput," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(8), pages 1-28, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:17:y:2025:i:8:p:3402-:d:1632686
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Esra Köksaldı & Zihni Turkan, 2023. "Urban Furniture in Sustainable Historical Urban Texture Landscapes: Historical Squares in the Walled City of Nicosia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-24, June.
    2. Michela Tiboni & Francesco Botticini & Sílvia Sousa & Natacha Jesus-Silva, 2020. "A Systematic Review for Urban Regeneration Effects Analysis in Urban Cores," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(21), pages 1-24, November.
    3. Huaiyun Kou & Jian Zhou & Jie Chen & Sichu Zhang, 2018. "Conservation for Sustainable Development: The Sustainability Evaluation of the Xijie Historic District, Dujiangyan City, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-25, December.
    4. Serkan Sipahi & Merve Sipahi, 2024. "Raw Material Stage Assessment of Seating Elements as Urban Furniture and Eco-Model Proposals," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(10), pages 1-23, May.
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