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Adsorption Performance and Mechanism of Waste Myriophyllum aquaticum Biochar for Malachite Green in Wastewater: Batch and Column Studies

Author

Listed:
  • Xin Zhang

    (School of Environment & Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, China)

  • Xiaoping Zhang

    (School of Environment & Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, China
    The Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters of Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, China
    Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, Guangzhou 510006, China
    Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Environmental Risk Prevention and Emergency Disposal, Guangzhou 510006, China)

  • Wei Xu

    (School of Environment & Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, China)

Abstract

The indiscriminate discharge of common dyes, such as malachite green (MG), poses significant risks to water quality and human health. To address this issue, a biochar (MBC) was synthesized from waste Myriophyllum aquaticum biomass (MAB) and further activated with KOH to produce micro-mesoporous biochar (KMBC) with enhanced adsorption efficiency. Characterization results demonstrated that KMBC exhibits a higher specific surface area (1632.7 m 2 /g) and a larger pore volume (0.759 cm 3 /g) compared to MBC. Batch adsorption experiments revealed that the adsorption process follows pseudo-second-order kinetics and the Langmuir isotherm model, with the theoretical maximum adsorption capacities of MBC and KMBC reaching 1772.3 mg/g and 2570.7 mg/g, respectively and the adsorption is a spontaneous, endothermic, and entropy-driven process. Key mechanisms involved in the adsorption process include hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interactions, and surface complexation. Due to electrostatic attraction, selective adsorption experiments confirmed that MBC can effectively separate cationic dyes such as MG from mixed anionic-cationic systems. Dynamic experiments showed that the breakthrough curve data fit well with the Thomas model. In summary, MAB-derived biochar demonstrates significant potential for practical applications in the treatment of MG-contaminated wastewater.

Suggested Citation

  • Xin Zhang & Xiaoping Zhang & Wei Xu, 2025. "Adsorption Performance and Mechanism of Waste Myriophyllum aquaticum Biochar for Malachite Green in Wastewater: Batch and Column Studies," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(7), pages 1-22, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:17:y:2025:i:7:p:2868-:d:1619181
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Xia Li & Hongyu Jia & Lihua Jiang & Zhengwei Mou & Bo Zhang & Zihui Zhang & Yan Chen, 2024. "Biochar Prepared from Steam-Exploded Bitter Melon Vine for the Adsorption of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solution: Kinetics, Isotherm, Thermodynamics and Mechanism," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(17), pages 1-14, August.
    2. Wang, Fu-Ping & Kang, Le-Le & Wang, Ya-Jun & Wang, Yu-Ran & Wang, Yi-Tong & Li, Jun-Guo & Jiang, Li-Qun & Ji, Rui & Chao, Shuai & Zhang, Jian-Bao & Fang, Zhen, 2024. "Magnetic biochar catalyst from reed straw and electric furnace dust for biodiesel production and life cycle assessment," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 227(C).
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