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Industry 5.0 Digital DNA: A Genetic Code of Human-Centric Smart Manufacturing

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  • Khaled Djebbouri

    (Department of Economic Security and Financial Monitoring, Faculty of Economics and Management, Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, Voronezh 394036, Russia)

  • Hind Alofaysan

    (Department of Economics, College of Business Administration, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia)

  • Fatma Ahmed Hassan

    (Department of Economics, College of Business Administration, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia)

  • Kamal Si Mohammed

    (Department of Management, Centre Européen de Recherche en Économie Financière et Gestion des Entreprises, University of Lorraine, F-57000 Metz, France
    Department of Economics, University Ain Temouchent Belhadj Bouchaib, Ain Temouchent 46000, Algeria)

Abstract

This study proposes and empirically assesses a bio-inspired conceptual framework, termed Digital DNA, for modeling Industry 5.0 transformation as a complementary extension of established Industry 4.0 principles with an explicit focus on human-centricity, sustainability, and resilience. Rather than positing a new industrial revolution, our positioning follows the European Commission’s view that Industry 5.0 complements Industry 4.0 by emphasizing stakeholder value and human-technology symbiosis. We encode organizational capabilities (genotype) into four gene groups, Adaptability, Technology, Governance, and Culture, and link them to five human-centric outcomes (phenotype). Twenty capability genes and ten outcome measures were scored, normalized (0–100 scale), and analyzed using correlations, K-means clustering, and mutation/drift tracking to capture both static maturity levels and dynamic change patterns. Results show that high Industry 5.0 readiness is consistently associated with elevated Governance and Culture scores. Three transformation archetypes were identified: Alpha, representing holistic socio-technical integration; Beta, with strong technical capacity but weaker cultural alignment; and Gamma, with fragmented capabilities and elevated vulnerability. The Digital DNA framework offers a replicable diagnostic tool for linking socio-technical capabilities to human-centric outcomes, enabling readiness assessment and guiding adaptive, ethical manufacturing strategies.

Suggested Citation

  • Khaled Djebbouri & Hind Alofaysan & Fatma Ahmed Hassan & Kamal Si Mohammed, 2025. "Industry 5.0 Digital DNA: A Genetic Code of Human-Centric Smart Manufacturing," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(21), pages 1-25, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:17:y:2025:i:21:p:9450-:d:1778674
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Barata, João & Kayser, Ina, 2024. "How will the digital twin shape the future of industry 5.0?," Technovation, Elsevier, vol. 134(C).
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