Antimicrobial Action of Ginger and Ornamental Rock Wastes for Cement Mortar

This study investigated the technical feasibility and antimicrobial potential of incorporating ornamental rock, limestone, and ginger waste into coating mortars with the aim of developing an innovative and sustainable solution for civil construction. This study evaluated the synergistic action of these materials on the microbiological and mechanical resistance of mortar, contributing to the greater durability and efficiency of the coatings. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses were performed to characterize the morphology, chemical composition, and crystalline structure of the added materials, confirming their suitability for the cement matrix. Tests in the fresh state evaluated parameters such as density, consistency index, and entrained air content, demonstrating the viability of the formulations, whereas flexural and compressive strength tests indicated significant improvements in the mechanical performance of the modified mortar. Microbiological tests demonstrated a significant reduction in microbial colonization, indicating the action of ginger’s bioactive compounds, such as gingerol and shogaol, which have antimicrobial properties and are effective in inhibiting the growth of pathogenic microorganisms, as confirmed by the reduction in the bacterial colony count from 4 × 10 2 to 1 × 10 2 CFU mL −1 . Comparisons with conventional compositions indicate that the proposed approach outperformed traditional formulations in terms of both mechanical resistance and microbiological control. Thus, the results validate this research as a promising strategy for improving the durability and performance of coating mortars, reducing maintenance costs, and promoting the sustainable use of alternative materials in civil construction.