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The Effect of Effluent Recirculation in a Full-Scale Constructed Wetland System

Author

Listed:
  • José Alberto Herrera-Melián

    (University Institute of Environmental Studies and Natural Resources (i-UNAT), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain)

  • Rayco Guedes-Alonso

    (University Institute of Environmental Studies and Natural Resources (i-UNAT), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain)

  • Jean Carlos Tite-Lezcano

    (University Institute of Environmental Studies and Natural Resources (i-UNAT), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain)

  • Dunia E. Santiago

    (University Institute of Environmental Studies and Natural Resources (i-UNAT), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain)

  • Ezio Ranieri

    (Department of Biology, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy)

  • Ignacio Alonso-Bilbao

    (Oceanography and Global Change Institute (IOCAG), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain)

Abstract

This study deals with the effect of effluent recirculation (ER) on the pollutant removal efficacy of a full-scale, hybrid treatment system composed of a macrophyte pond and a horizontal flow constructed wetland. The average removals of 5-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), turbidity, total N (TN), ammonium nitrogen (NH 4 -N), total phosphorus (TP), sulfates, E. coli and Total coliforms (TC) for the years 2017–2018 (no recirculation), 2019 (50% recirculation) and 2021 (100% recirculation) were compared. Results show a general improvement of the effluent with ER. Removals for 0%, 50% and 100% ER, respectively, were: 59%, 61% and 66% for COD; 90%, 96% and 96% for BOD; 94%, 94% and 99% for TSS; 33%, 40% and 67% for TN; 22%, 30% and 55% for NH 4 -N; 92%, 98% and 96% for sulfates; 99.6%, 99.7% and 99.9% for E. coli ; and 99.5%, 99.7% and 9.9% for TC. No clear effect was observed on the removal of TP and dissolved PO 4 -P, which were very low. 50% ER improved turbidity removal from 88% to 91%, but 100% ER provided worse results. The removal of NH 4 -N and TN significantly improved with 100% ER. This indicates that ER can be a simple, economic, and feasible way to upgrade the performance of full-scale natural wastewater treatment systems.

Suggested Citation

  • José Alberto Herrera-Melián & Rayco Guedes-Alonso & Jean Carlos Tite-Lezcano & Dunia E. Santiago & Ezio Ranieri & Ignacio Alonso-Bilbao, 2023. "The Effect of Effluent Recirculation in a Full-Scale Constructed Wetland System," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-12, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:5:p:4310-:d:1083249
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. José Alberto Herrera-Melián & Mónica Mendoza-Aguiar & Rayco Guedes-Alonso & Pilar García-Jiménez & Marina Carrasco-Acosta & Ezio Ranieri, 2020. "Multistage Horizontal Subsurface Flow vs. Hybrid Constructed Wetlands for the Treatment of Raw Urban Wastewater," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(12), pages 1-15, June.
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