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Sustainable Approaches for Wastewater Treatment: An Analysis of Sludge-Based Materials for Heavy Metal Removal from Wastewater by Adsorption

Author

Listed:
  • R. M. A. S. Dhananjana Rajakaruna

    (Department of Zoology and Environmental Management, Faculty of Science, University of Kelaniya, Kelaniya 11600, Sri Lanka)

  • B. G. N. Sewwandi

    (Department of Zoology and Environmental Management, Faculty of Science, University of Kelaniya, Kelaniya 11600, Sri Lanka)

  • Mohamed M. M. Najim

    (Faculty of Agriculture, Sultan Sharif Ali Islamic University, Kampus Sinaut, Km 33, Jalan Tutong, Tutong TB1741, Brunei)

  • Mirza Barjees Baig

    (Prince Sultan Institute for Environmental, Water & Desert Research, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia)

  • Bader Alhafi Alotaibi

    (Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Society, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia)

  • Abou Traore

    (Department of Community Sustainability, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Michigan State University, 328 Natural Resources Building, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA)

Abstract

A comprehensive study incorporating results from different findings related to heavy metal removals from wastewater using sludge as an absorbent will assist researchers and practitioners in planning wastewater treatment processes. This study aims to provide a comprehensive foundation on the potential of using sludge-based materials to remove heavy metals from wastewater based on recent studies. The physicochemical properties of sludge and the nature of metal ions have significantly contributed to the adsorption of heavy metals into sludge-based materials. Many researchers found the effects of pH, temperature, initial heavy metal concentrations, contact time, and adsorbent dose on the adsorption characteristics of heavy metals into sludge-based materials. Isotherm, kinetic, and thermodynamic studies have explained the mechanism of heavy metal adsorption by sludge-based materials. The effectiveness of regeneration of sludge-based adsorbents has been investigated by some researchers, providing an environmentally friendly solution to remove heavy metals from wastewater. It was found that less attention has been paid to metal recovery and recycling of sludge-based adsorbents, which indicates the need for future studies to enhance the reusability of sludge in wastewater treatment. Moreover, many studies have been conducted as lab-scale experiments on heavy metal adsorption from aqueous solutions using sludge-based adsorbents, leaving a research gap for future studies to focus on the removal of heavy metals from actual wastewater at field scale.

Suggested Citation

  • R. M. A. S. Dhananjana Rajakaruna & B. G. N. Sewwandi & Mohamed M. M. Najim & Mirza Barjees Baig & Bader Alhafi Alotaibi & Abou Traore, 2023. "Sustainable Approaches for Wastewater Treatment: An Analysis of Sludge-Based Materials for Heavy Metal Removal from Wastewater by Adsorption," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(20), pages 1-25, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:20:p:14937-:d:1260920
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Danious P. Sounthararajah & Paripurnanda Loganathan & Jaya Kandasamy & Saravanamuthu Vigneswaran, 2015. "Effects of Humic Acid and Suspended Solids on the Removal of Heavy Metals from Water by Adsorption onto Granular Activated Carbon," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(9), pages 1-15, August.
    2. Alia Besma Abba & Sofiane Saggai & Youcef Touil & Nadhir Al-Ansari & Saber Kouadri & Fatima Zohra Nouasria & Hadee Mohammed Najm & Nuha S. Mashaan & Moutaz Mustafa A. Eldirderi & Khaled Mohamed Khedhe, 2022. "Copper and Zinc Removal from Wastewater Using Alum Sludge Recovered from Water Treatment Plant," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-13, August.
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    Cited by:

    1. Kaung Htet Swan & Nawatch Surinkul & Chettiyappan Visvanathan, 2023. "Investigation of Decentralized Wastewater Treatment System in Urban Wastewater Management: Case Study in Yangon, Myanmar," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(24), pages 1-17, December.
    2. Jorge Alejandro Silva, 2024. "Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Sustainability in Water Supply: A Systematic Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(8), pages 1-29, April.

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