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Heavy Metal Transport in Different Drip-Irrigated Soil Types with Potato Crop

Author

Listed:
  • Tarek Selim

    (Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Port Said University, Port Said 42523, Egypt)

  • Samah M. Elkefafy

    (Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt)

  • Ronny Berndtsson

    (Division of Water Resources Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, 22100 Lund, Sweden
    Centre for Advanced Middle Eastern Studies, Lund University, P.O. Box 201, 22100 Lund, Sweden)

  • Mohamed Elkiki

    (Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Port Said University, Port Said 42523, Egypt
    Civil Engineering Department, Higher Institute for Engineering and Technology, New Damietta 34517, Egypt)

  • Ahmed A. El-kharbotly

    (Soil and Water Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt)

Abstract

Heavy metal (HM)-polluted soil is a serious concern, especially as brackish water is widely used for irrigation purposes in water-scarce countries. In this study, the HYDRUS-2D model was used to simulate HM (copper (Cu), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn)) transport through agricultural land cultivated with potato crops under surface drip irrigation to explore the potential groundwater contamination risk. Three soil types, namely, silty clay loam, sandy loam, and sandy soil, and two irrigation schemes, irrigation every two days (scheme A) and irrigation every four days (scheme B), were considered during the simulations. Firstly, the ability of HYDRUS-2D to simulate water flow was validated using data obtained from a full growing season of the potato crop in a lysimeter irrigated by surface drip irrigation using El-Salam Canal water, Egypt (i.e., water contaminated by HMs). Secondly, the model was calibrated for solute transport parameters. After that, the investigated simulation scenarios were executed. The results showed that HYDRUS-2D effectively simulated water flow. Moreover, a good agreement between the simulations and experimental results of HM concentrations under the calibrated solute parameters was obtained with R 2 values of 0.99, 0.91, and 0.71 for Cu, Pb, and Zn concentrations, respectively. HM distribution is considerably influenced by the HMs’ adsorption isotherm. The results of the investigated scenarios reveal that soil texture has a greater impact on HM concentrations in the simulation domain and on the contamination risk of the groundwater than the irrigation scheme. Under both irrigation schemes, lower HM concentrations were observed in sand, while higher values were observed in silty clay loam. Subsequently, the potential shallow groundwater contamination risk is greater when cultivating potatoes in sand, as higher HM concentrations were found in drainage water compared to the two other investigated soils, regardless of the irrigation scheme. The cumulative Cu, Pb, and Zn concentrations in drainage water corresponding to scheme A for silty clay loam and sandy loam were 1.65, 1.67, and 1.67 and 1.15, 1.14, and 1.15 times higher, respectively, than scheme B. To safeguard the sustainability of groundwater and agricultural lands irrigated with water contaminated by HMs, it is recommended to adopt an irrigation frequency of once every four days in soils with silty clay loam and sandy loam textures.

Suggested Citation

  • Tarek Selim & Samah M. Elkefafy & Ronny Berndtsson & Mohamed Elkiki & Ahmed A. El-kharbotly, 2023. "Heavy Metal Transport in Different Drip-Irrigated Soil Types with Potato Crop," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-20, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:13:p:10542-:d:1186745
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Anastasia Angelaki & Alkiviadis Dionysidis & Parveen Sihag & Evangelia E. Golia, 2022. "Assessment of Contamination Management Caused by Copper and Zinc Cations Leaching and Their Impact on the Hydraulic Properties of a Sandy and a Loamy Clay Soil," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(2), pages 1-19, February.
    2. John Volk & Olusegun Yerokun, 2016. "Effect of Application of Increasing Concentrations of Contaminated Water on the Different Fractions of Cu and Co in Sandy Loam and Clay Loam Soils," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 6(4), pages 1-19, December.
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    Cited by:

    1. Yan Wang & Tianlong Deng & Ruiyang Xu & Kunlong Hui & Jiawen Zhang & Ye Li & Haojie Lu, 2025. "Spatiotemporal Analysis of Heavy Metal Pollution and Risks in Soils from a Shut-Down Electroplating Plant," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(7), pages 1-17, March.

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