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‘Safety in Numbers’ for Walkers: Effects of Pedestrian Volume on Per-Pedestrian Crash Rate and Severe Injury Probability

Author

Listed:
  • Suji Kim

    (Cho Chun Shik Graduate School of Mobility, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34051, Republic of Korea)

  • Kitae Jang

    (Cho Chun Shik Graduate School of Mobility, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34051, Republic of Korea)

  • Sungjin Park

    (Department of Urban Design and Planning, Hongik University, Seoul 04066, Republic of Korea)

Abstract

The ‘safety in numbers’ phenomenon is very intriguing to many walking advocates. Some studies have examined the phenomenon for walkers, but they mostly focused on the relationship between pedestrian volume and the likelihood of vehicle–pedestrian crash occurrences. This study evaluated the effects of the ‘safety in numbers’ phenomenon not only on the risk of crash occurrences, but also on the probability of severe or fatal injuries. Pedestrian volume and crash data obtained from the six districts in Seoul Metropolitan City and Jeju Island were jointly analyzed to examine the expected pedestrian crash rate and the probability of severe or fatal injury as a function of pedestrian volume. The analysis confirmed that the expected pedestrian crash rate and the probability of severe or fatal injuries decline as pedestrian volume increases, although the absolute number of crashes and injuries increases. The increase in the number of pedestrian crashes is less than the increase in pedestrian volume. In addition, the probability of severe or fatal injuries tends to diminish with a larger pedestrian volume. These findings can be used as logical evidence to support future policies promoting walking trips, and they suggest that policy measures encouraging walking trips can deliver additional benefits beyond the well-known economic, health, and environmental benefits.

Suggested Citation

  • Suji Kim & Kitae Jang & Sungjin Park, 2023. "‘Safety in Numbers’ for Walkers: Effects of Pedestrian Volume on Per-Pedestrian Crash Rate and Severe Injury Probability," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-12, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:13:p:10027-:d:1178570
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Thompson, Jason & Savino, Giovanni & Stevenson, Mark, 2016. "A model of behavioural adaptation as a contributor to the safety-in-numbers effect for cyclists," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 85(C), pages 65-75.
    2. Jang, Kitae & Park, Shin Hyoung & Chung, Sungbong & Song, Ki Han, 2010. "Influential Factors on Level of Injury in Pedestrian Crashes: Applications of Ordered Probit Model with Robust Standard Errors," Institute of Transportation Studies, Research Reports, Working Papers, Proceedings qt3qd7k0bv, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Berkeley.
    3. Schneider, Robert J. & Henry, Todd & Mitman, Meghan F. & Stonehill, Laura & Koehler, Jesse, 2013. "Development and Application of the San Francisco Pedestrian Intersection Volume Model," Institute of Transportation Studies, Research Reports, Working Papers, Proceedings qt8cs2g40c, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Berkeley.
    4. Greene-Roesel, Ryan & Diogenes, Mara Chagas & Ragland, David R. & Lindau, Luis Antonio, 2008. "Effectiveness of a Commercially Available Automated Pedestrian Counting Device in Urban Environments: Comparison with Manual Counts," Institute of Transportation Studies, Research Reports, Working Papers, Proceedings qt2n83w1q8, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Berkeley.
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