Comparative Study on the Evaluation of Healthy City Construction in Typical Chinese Cities Based on Statistical Data and Land Use Data

The 17 Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations propose to “ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages”, and to achieve this goal requires that countries strengthen their capacity to manage health risks. As a concept to describe urban construction, advocated by the World Health Organization, healthy cities can effectively solve the contradictions existing along the current urban development path at a macro level. A healthy city is a sustainable city that interacts with its environment, economy, population, services, and space, and realizes the well-being of its population from all perspectives. The construction of a healthy city is an important part of the transformation of Chinese urbanization. This article refers to the index systems of domestic and foreign government agencies, along with a literature research, to construct a healthy city evaluation index that takes into account the five aspects of environment, economy, population, service, and space, and selects Beijing (a policy-oriented city), Shanghai (an economy-oriented city), Nanchang (an industry-oriented city), Guiyang (a tourism-oriented city), Datong (resource-oriented city) as five cities according to type of urban development, using the entire-array-polygon method to analyze the construction level of these cities in terms of environment, economy, population, service, space and overall state of health from 2014 to 2018 based on statistical and land use data. The results of the study found that, in general, the construction of healthy cities in China currently experiences large year-to-year fluctuations and significant differences between cities. The construction and development of healthy cities are also closely related to factors such as urban economic strength, social welfare, and policy support.