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Laboratory and In Situ Stabilization of Compacted Clay through Granite Waste Powder

Author

Listed:
  • Syed Husnain Ali Shah

    (Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, Pakistan)

  • Umer Habib

    (Centre for Ore Deposit and Geology, University of Tasmania, Hobart 7005, Australia)

  • Abdullah Mohamed

    (Research Centre, Future University in Egypt, New Cairo 11835, Egypt)

  • Mubashir Aziz

    (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
    Interdisciplinary Research Center for Construction and Building Materials, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia)

  • Qasim ur Rehman

    (Department of Earth Sciences, University of Haripur, Haripur 22610, Pakistan)

  • Asma Saleem

    (Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, Pakistan)

Abstract

The main objective of this study is to investigate the effect of granite waste powder on the behavior of compacted clay soil in both field and laboratory environments. Samples were collected from clay soil exposed at Karak, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The sampled soils contain kaolinite, illite, and montmorillonites. The samples were mixed with various quantities, i.e., 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% by weight of granite waste powder collected from various stone industries in district Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. They were then subjected to a variety of geotechnical testing in both the laboratory and the field, following the standard ASTM procedures. The results show that mixing with granite-cutting waste enhances the quality of the soil in both the field and laboratory settings by increasing its bearing capacity (BC), dry density (DD), California-bearing ratio (CBR), unconfined compressive strength (UCS), penetration resistance, and angle of internal friction and by reducing the optimum moisture content, cohesion, porosity, void ratio, and saturation potential. The resulting improvement is mainly due to the stronger, denser, and less hydrophilic character of the constituents of the added rock powders than the raw soil. It is observed that adding 40% granite waste powder produces the best outcome. However, there is a significant difference in the magnitude of the impact on soil quality between the laboratory and field testing. Owing to differences in the testing environment, soil volume, and compaction effort and energy, the amount of improvement is higher in laboratory testing than in field testing.

Suggested Citation

  • Syed Husnain Ali Shah & Umer Habib & Abdullah Mohamed & Mubashir Aziz & Qasim ur Rehman & Asma Saleem, 2022. "Laboratory and In Situ Stabilization of Compacted Clay through Granite Waste Powder," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-15, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:21:p:14459-:d:962736
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Weixin Yang & Hao Gao & Yunpeng Yang & Jiacheng Liao, 2022. "Embodied Carbon in China’s Export Trade: A Multi Region Input-Output Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(7), pages 1-16, March.
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