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Acid Resistance of Alkali-Activated Natural Pozzolan and Limestone Powder Mortar

Author

Listed:
  • Khaled A. Alawi Al-Sodani

    (Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Hafr Al Batin, P.O. Box 1803, Hafr Al Batin 39524, Saudi Arabia)

  • Adeshina A. Adewumi

    (Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Hafr Al Batin, P.O. Box 1803, Hafr Al Batin 39524, Saudi Arabia)

  • Mohd Azreen Mohd Ariffin

    (Faculty of Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia)

  • Babatunde Abiodun Salami

    (Interdisciplinary Research Center for Construction and Building Materials, Research Institute, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia)

  • Moruf O. Yusuf

    (Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Hafr Al Batin, P.O. Box 1803, Hafr Al Batin 39524, Saudi Arabia)

  • Mohammed Ibrahim

    (Applied Research Center for Metrology, Standards and Testing, Research Institute, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia)

  • Ali H. AlAteah

    (Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Hafr Al Batin, P.O. Box 1803, Hafr Al Batin 39524, Saudi Arabia)

  • Mohammed M. H. Al-Tholaia

    (Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Hafr Al Batin, P.O. Box 1803, Hafr Al Batin 39524, Saudi Arabia)

  • Sami M. Ibn Shamsah

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Hafr Al Batin, P.O. Box 1803, Hafr Al Batin 39524, Saudi Arabia)

  • Mohammad Ismail

    (Faculty of Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia)

Abstract

The development of sustainable, environmentally friendly alkali-activated binder has emerged as an alternative to ordinary Portland cement. The engineering and durability properties of alkali-activated binder using various precursor combinations have been investigated; however, no study has focused on the impact of high-volume natural pozzolan (NP) on the acid resistance of alkali-activated NP and limestone powder. Therefore, the current study assesses the impact of high-volume natural pozzolan (volcanic ash) on the durability properties of alkali-activated natural pozzolan (NP) and limestone powder (LSP) mortar by immersion in 6% H 2 SO 4 for 365 days. The samples were prepared with different binder ratios using alkaline activators (10 M NaOH (aq) and Na 2 SO 4 ) combined in a 1:1 ratio and cured at 75 °C. NP was combined with the LSP at three different combinations: NP:LSP = 40:60 (AAN 40 L 60 ), 50:50 (AAN 50 L 50 ), and 60:40 (AAN 60 L 40 ), representing low-volume, balanced, and high-volume binder combinations. Water absorption, weight change, and compressive strength were examined. The microstructural changes were also investigated using FTIR, XRD, and SEM/EDS characterization tools. Visual examination showed insignificant deterioration in the sample with excess natural pozzolan (AAN 60 L 40 ) after 1 year of acid exposure, and the maximum residual strengths were 20.8 MPa and 6.68 MPa in AAN 60 L 40 and AAN 40 L 60 with mass gain (1.37%) and loss (10.64%), respectively. The high sulfuric acid resistance of AAN 60 L 40 mortar was attributed to the high Ca/Si = 10 within the C-A-S-H and N-A-S-H formed. The low residual strength recorded in AAN 40 L 60 was a result of gypsum formation from an acid attack of calcium-dominated limestone powder. The controlling factor for the resistance of the binder to acid corrosion was the NP/LSP ratio, whose factor below 0.6 caused significant debilitating effects.

Suggested Citation

  • Khaled A. Alawi Al-Sodani & Adeshina A. Adewumi & Mohd Azreen Mohd Ariffin & Babatunde Abiodun Salami & Moruf O. Yusuf & Mohammed Ibrahim & Ali H. AlAteah & Mohammed M. H. Al-Tholaia & Sami M. Ibn Sha, 2022. "Acid Resistance of Alkali-Activated Natural Pozzolan and Limestone Powder Mortar," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-18, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:21:p:14451-:d:962623
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