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Urban Standards and Ecosystem Services: The Evolution of the Services Planning in Italy from Theory to Practice

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  • Anna Maria Colavitti

    (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Architecture, via Santa Croce 67, 09124 Cagliari, Italy)

  • Alessio Floris

    (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Architecture, via Santa Croce 67, 09124 Cagliari, Italy)

  • Sergio Serra

    (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Architecture, via Santa Croce 67, 09124 Cagliari, Italy)

Abstract

Human well-being is determined by multiple factors related to health, social relations, safety, environment, landscape, cultural heritage, and quality of services. The Italian planning system provided a set of “urban standards”, in terms of threshold values of areas per inhabitant destined for public services and facilities. The application of urban standards, for a period of more than fifty years, did not result in a broad improvement of life quality in the urban areas. This paper discusses the issue of urban facilities in Italy in order to evaluate the opportunity to innovate traditional standards according to the environmental and ecological paradigm, focusing on the benefits provided to humans by natural ecosystems, the so-called ecosystem services (ESs). The paper investigates the evolution of the Italian planning practice through the introduction of quality standards and innovative tools able to meet the ever-changing social demand. The research aims to verify if the ES concept is really implemented in the Italian planning practice and if the ecosystem approach has a real impact on political decision-making. Using a comparative method, four case-studies of urban municipal plans are selected and analyzed in order to identify different approaches and possible fields of innovation. The research highlighted a lack of integration of ecosystem services approach in the land use decisions, although there is an in-depth survey on the state of conservation of ecological and environmental resources. The local experiments of qualitative standards represent an attempt to deal with specific ecological emergencies, namely flood risk, air, water, and soil pollution, and loss of biodiversity. Conclusions discuss, from an international perspective, the need to revise the traditional planning approach in the field of public services and facilities, taking into account the influence of ecosystem services on human well-being.

Suggested Citation

  • Anna Maria Colavitti & Alessio Floris & Sergio Serra, 2020. "Urban Standards and Ecosystem Services: The Evolution of the Services Planning in Italy from Theory to Practice," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(6), pages 1-20, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:12:y:2020:i:6:p:2434-:d:334803
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Costanza, Robert & de Groot, Rudolf & Braat, Leon & Kubiszewski, Ida & Fioramonti, Lorenzo & Sutton, Paul & Farber, Steve & Grasso, Monica, 2017. "Twenty years of ecosystem services: How far have we come and how far do we still need to go?," Ecosystem Services, Elsevier, vol. 28(PA), pages 1-16.
    2. Gómez-Baggethun, Erik & Barton, David N., 2013. "Classifying and valuing ecosystem services for urban planning," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 86(C), pages 235-245.
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    4. Vincent Nadin & Dominic Stead, 2013. "Opening up the Compendium: An Evaluation of International Comparative Planning Research Methodologies," European Planning Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 21(10), pages 1542-1561, October.
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    3. Davide Marino & Giampiero Mazzocchi & Davide Pellegrino & Veridiana Barucci, 2022. "Integrated Multi-Level Assessment of Ecosystem Services (ES): The Case of the Casal del Marmo Agricultural Park Area in Rome (Italy)," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-15, November.
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    5. Xiao Chen & Xingping Wang, 2022. "From “Land-Oriented” to “Human-Oriented”: Research on Evolution Features of China’s Industrial Park Planning Standards," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-21, April.
    6. Jiří Schneider & Hana Kubíčková, 2020. "The State of the Art of Use of the Concept of Ecosystem Services within Spatial Plans in the Czech Republic," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(21), pages 1-17, October.
    7. Claudio Fagarazzi & Carlotta Sergiacomi & Federico M. Stefanini & Enrico Marone, 2021. "A Model for the Economic Evaluation of Cultural Ecosystem Services: The Recreational Hunting Function in the Agroforestry Territories of Tuscany (Italy)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(20), pages 1-15, October.
    8. Giuseppe Galiano & Laura Moretti, 2021. "Consistency of Urban Roads to Manage Emergencies: Methodology to Identify the Minimum Network with Total Connectivity at Maximum Availability," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(20), pages 1-14, October.

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