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Assessing the Effectiveness of Supplemental Irrigation to Improve Soil Moisture in an Arid Ecosystem with an Emphasis on Climate Change: A Case Study from the State of Kuwait

Author

Listed:
  • Ahmed Alqallaf

    (Department of Environmental Science, Graduate Program, Kuwait University, Kuwait City 13060, Kuwait)

  • Bader Al-Anzi

    (Department of Environmental Technologies and Management, College of Life Sciences, Kuwait University, Kuwait City 13060, Kuwait)

  • Meshal Alabdullah

    (Department of Ecology and Conservation Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
    Natural Environmental Systems and Technologies (NEST) Research Group, Ecolife Sciences Research and Consultation, Hawally 30004, Kuwait)

Abstract

Arid ecosystems are extremely vulnerable to climate change, which is considered one of the serious global environmental issues that can cause critical challenges to the hydrological cycle in arid ecosystems. This work focused on assessing the effectiveness of supplemental irrigation to improve the actual soil moisture content in arid ecosystems and considering climate change impacts on soil moisture. The study was conducted at two fenced protected sites in Kuwait. The first site is naturally covered with Rhanterietum epapposum , whereas the other study site is a supplemented irrigated site, containing several revegetated native plants. The results showed that supplemental irrigation highly improved soil moisture (∆SM) during the winter season by >50%. However, during the summer season, the rainfed and irrigated site showed low ∆SM due to the high temperature and high evapotranspiration (ET) rates. We also found that ∆SM would negatively get impacted by climate change. The climate change projection results showed that temperature would increase by 12%–23%, ET would increase by 17%–19%, and precipitation would decrease by 31%–46% by 2100. Such climate change impacts may also shift the current ecosystem from an arid to a hyper-arid ecosystem. Therefore, we concluded that irrigation is a practical option to support the ∆SM during the low-temperature months only (spring and winter) since the results did not show any progress during the summer season. It is also essential to consider the possibility of future shifting in ecosystems and plant communities in restoration and revegetation planning.

Suggested Citation

  • Ahmed Alqallaf & Bader Al-Anzi & Meshal Alabdullah, 2020. "Assessing the Effectiveness of Supplemental Irrigation to Improve Soil Moisture in an Arid Ecosystem with an Emphasis on Climate Change: A Case Study from the State of Kuwait," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(21), pages 1-17, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:12:y:2020:i:21:p:9104-:d:438654
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Jin-Fa Chen & Cheng-Haw Lee & Tian-Chyi Yeh & Jin-Li Yu, 2005. "A Water Budget Model for the Yun-Lin Plain, Taiwan," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 19(5), pages 483-504, October.
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