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Protected Landscapes in Spain: Reasons for Protection and Sustainability of Conservation Management

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  • Nicolas Marine

    (Department of Architectural Composition, Escuela Tecnica Superior de Arquitectura de Madrid, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain)

  • Cecilia Arnaiz-Schmitz

    (Department of Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain)

  • Cristina Herrero-Jáuregui

    (Department of Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain)

  • Manuel Rodrigo de la O Cabrera

    (Department of Architectural Composition, Escuela Tecnica Superior de Arquitectura de Madrid, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain)

  • David Escudero

    (Department of Architectural Composition, Escuela Tecnica Superior de Arquitectura de Madrid, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain)

  • María F. Schmitz

    (Department of Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain)

Abstract

Landscape conservation efforts in many European countries focus on cultural landscapes, which are part of the cultural identity of people, have a great heritage significance, improve the living standards of local populations and provide valuable cultural biodiversity. However, despite a wide arrange of protective measures, the management of preserved areas is seldom effective for the protection of cultural landscapes. Through a multi-approach analysis, we characterise the main heritage attributes of 17 Protected Landscapes in Spain and assess their management effectiveness by quantifying the evolution of the spatial pattern inside and outside protected landscapes. Our method has proven useful to quantitatively describe the spatial-temporal patterns of change of the protected and unprotected landscapes studied. We highlight the following results: (i) the concepts of uniqueness and naturalness are not appropriate to preserve cultural landscapes; (ii) the land protection approach currently adopted is not useful for the protection of cultural landscapes, particularly of the most rural ones; (iii) the landscapes studied with greater rural features can be considered as “paper parks”. We recommend that different protection measures focused on the needs and desires of the rural population are taken into account in order to protect cultural landscapes that are shaped by traditional rural activities.

Suggested Citation

  • Nicolas Marine & Cecilia Arnaiz-Schmitz & Cristina Herrero-Jáuregui & Manuel Rodrigo de la O Cabrera & David Escudero & María F. Schmitz, 2020. "Protected Landscapes in Spain: Reasons for Protection and Sustainability of Conservation Management," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(17), pages 1-21, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:12:y:2020:i:17:p:6913-:d:403915
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. James E. M. Watson & Nigel Dudley & Daniel B. Segan & Marc Hockings, 2014. "The performance and potential of protected areas," Nature, Nature, vol. 515(7525), pages 67-73, November.
    2. Claudia L. Gray & Samantha L. L. Hill & Tim Newbold & Lawrence N. Hudson & Luca Börger & Sara Contu & Andrew J. Hoskins & Simon Ferrier & Andy Purvis & Jörn P. W. Scharlemann, 2016. "Local biodiversity is higher inside than outside terrestrial protected areas worldwide," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 7(1), pages 1-7, November.
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    Cited by:

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    2. Leila Dal Moro & Laércio Stolfo Maculan & Dieisson Pivoto & Grace Tibério Cardoso & Diana Pinto & Bashir Adelodun & Brian William Bodah & M. Santosh & Marluse Guedes Bortoluzzi & Elisiane Branco & Alc, 2022. "Geospatial Analysis with Landsat Series and Sentinel-3B OLCI Satellites to Assess Changes in Land Use and Water Quality over Time in Brazil," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-17, August.
    3. Antonia Merino-Aranda & Isabel Luisa Castillejo-González & Almudena Velo-Gala & Francisco de Paula Montes-Tubío & Francisco-Javier Mesas-Carrascosa & Paula Triviño-Tarradas, 2021. "Strengthening Efforts to Protect and Safeguard the Industrial Cultural Heritage in Montilla-Moriles (PDO). Characterisation of Historic Wineries," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-17, May.
    4. Cecilia Arnaiz-Schmitz & Cristina Herrero-Jáuregui & María F. Schmitz, 2021. "Recreational and Nature-Based Tourism as a Cultural Ecosystem Service. Assessment and Mapping in a Rural-Urban Gradient of Central Spain," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(4), pages 1-19, March.
    5. Vassiliki Vlami & Ioannis P. Kokkoris & Stamatis Zogaris & George Kehayias & Panayotis Dimopoulos, 2020. "Cultural Ecosystem Services in the Natura 2000 Network: Introducing Proxy Indicators and Conflict Risk in Greece," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(1), pages 1-27, December.

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