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Environmental Risk Evaluation and Source Identification of Heavy Metal(loid)s in Agricultural Soil of Shangdan Valley, Northwest China

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  • Sukai Zhuang

    (Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
    College of Chemical Engineering and Modern Materials/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Utilization of Tailings Resources, Shangluo University, Shangluo 726000, China)

  • Xinwei Lu

    (Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China)

Abstract

To understand the environmental quality and heavy metal(loid) pollution of farmlands in Shangdan Valley, the contents of macroelements (Na, K, Si, Mg, Ca, Al, Fe, Ti, P, S, Cl, Br) and heavy metal(loid)s (Cu, Pb, Zn, Mn, Ni, V, Co, Cr, As) were surveyed by the X-ray fluorescence method. The pollution degree and ecological risk of the heavy metal(loid)s were judged by the Nemerow synthetic pollution index, geo-accumulation index, and potential ecological risk index, and their sources were identified by the multivariate statistic method. The mean contents of nine heavy metal(loid)s in Shangdan Valley farmland soil exceeded their corresponding reference values. Soils were not contaminated with As, Cr, Mn, and Ni but were slightly contaminated with Co, Cu, Pb, V, and Zn. Their comprehensive pollution levels were moderate to serious. The ecological risk index of single heavy metal(loid) decreased in the sequence As > Pb > Co > Cu > Ni > V > Zn > Cr > Mn. The source analysis results indicated that Cu, Pb, Zn, and As were highly affected by anthropogenic inputs, e.g., metal smelting and agricultural activities, while Mn, Ni, Cr, and V were principally derived from a natural source. As for Co, it was affected by a mixture source of nature, fossil fuel combustion, and fertilizer.

Suggested Citation

  • Sukai Zhuang & Xinwei Lu, 2020. "Environmental Risk Evaluation and Source Identification of Heavy Metal(loid)s in Agricultural Soil of Shangdan Valley, Northwest China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(14), pages 1-15, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:12:y:2020:i:14:p:5806-:d:386779
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Dingxuan Yan & Zhongke Bai & Xiaoyang Liu, 2020. "Heavy-Metal Pollution Characteristics and Influencing Factors in Agricultural Soils: Evidence from Shuozhou City, Shanxi Province, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(5), pages 1-13, March.
    2. Danica Fazekašová & Juraj Fazekaš, 2020. "Soil Quality and Heavy Metal Pollution Assessment of Iron Ore Mines in Nizna Slana (Slovakia)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(6), pages 1-15, March.
    3. Songlin Zhang & Yuan Liu & Yujing Yang & Xilu Ni & Muhammad Arif & Wokadala Charles & Changxiao Li, 2020. "Trace Elements in Soils of a Typical Industrial District in Ningxia, Northwest China: Pollution, Source, and Risk Evaluation," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(5), pages 1-13, March.
    4. Dandan Wang & Qinghai Xu & Qingrong Zheng & Liwei Wu, 2020. "Assessment of the Health Effects of Heavy Metals Pollution of Agricultural Soils in the Iron Ore Mining Area of the Northern Piedmont of Mount Wutai, Shanxi Province, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(5), pages 1-13, March.
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    Cited by:

    1. Rui Zhao & Kening Wu & Xiaoliang Li & Nan Gao & Mingming Yu, 2021. "Discussion on the Unified Survey and Evaluation of Cultivated Land Quality at County Scale for China’s 3rd National Land Survey: A Case Study of Wen County, Henan Province," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-26, February.

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