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Method of Extracting the Instantaneous Phases and Frequencies of Respiration from the Signal of a Photoplethysmogram

Author

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  • Ekaterina I. Borovkova

    (Institute of Physics, Saratov State University, 83 Astrakhanskaya St., 410012 Saratov, Russia
    Institute of Cardiological Research, Saratov State Medical University, 112 Bolshaya Kazachya St., 410012 Saratov, Russia
    National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, 10 Petroverigsky Per., 101000 Moscow, Russia)

  • Vladimir I. Ponomarenko

    (Institute of Physics, Saratov State University, 83 Astrakhanskaya St., 410012 Saratov, Russia
    Saratov Branch, Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 38 Zelyonaya St., 410019 Saratov, Russia)

  • Anatoly S. Karavaev

    (Institute of Physics, Saratov State University, 83 Astrakhanskaya St., 410012 Saratov, Russia
    Institute of Cardiological Research, Saratov State Medical University, 112 Bolshaya Kazachya St., 410012 Saratov, Russia
    Saratov Branch, Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 38 Zelyonaya St., 410019 Saratov, Russia)

  • Elizaveta S. Dubinkina

    (Institute of Physics, Saratov State University, 83 Astrakhanskaya St., 410012 Saratov, Russia)

  • Mikhail D. Prokhorov

    (Institute of Physics, Saratov State University, 83 Astrakhanskaya St., 410012 Saratov, Russia
    Saratov Branch, Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 38 Zelyonaya St., 410019 Saratov, Russia)

Abstract

We propose for the first time a method for extracting the instantaneous phases of respiration from the signal of a photoplethysmogram (PPG). In addition to the instantaneous phases of respiration, this method allows for more accurately extracting the instantaneous frequencies of respiration from a PPG than other methods. The proposed method is based on a calculation of the element-wise product of the wavelet spectrum of a PPG and the sequence of intervals between the heartbeats extracted from a PPG, and a calculation of the skeleton of the resulting spectrum in the respiratory frequency range. It is shown that such an element-wise product makes it possible to extract the instantaneous phases and instantaneous frequencies of respiration more accurately than using the wavelet transform of a PPG signal or the sequence of the heartbeat intervals. The proposed method was verified by analyzing the signals from healthy subjects recorded during stress-inducing cognitive tasks. This method can be used in wearable devices for signal processing.

Suggested Citation

  • Ekaterina I. Borovkova & Vladimir I. Ponomarenko & Anatoly S. Karavaev & Elizaveta S. Dubinkina & Mikhail D. Prokhorov, 2023. "Method of Extracting the Instantaneous Phases and Frequencies of Respiration from the Signal of a Photoplethysmogram," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 11(24), pages 1-14, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jmathe:v:11:y:2023:i:24:p:4903-:d:1296268
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ponomarenko, V.I. & Prokhorov, M.D. & Bespyatov, A.B. & Bodrov, M.B. & Gridnev, V.I., 2005. "Deriving main rhythms of the human cardiovascular system from the heartbeat time series and detecting their synchronization," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 23(4), pages 1429-1438.
    2. Carsten Schäfer & Michael G. Rosenblum & Jürgen Kurths & Hans-Henning Abel, 1998. "Heartbeat synchronized with ventilation," Nature, Nature, vol. 392(6673), pages 239-240, March.
    3. Lotrič, Maja Bračič & Stefanovska, Aneta, 2000. "Synchronization and modulation in the human cardiorespiratory system," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 283(3), pages 451-461.
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