Optimized-Weighted-Speedy Q-Learning Algorithm for Multi-UGV in Static Environment Path Planning under Anti-Collision Cooperation Mechanism

With the accelerated development of smart cities, the concept of a “smart industrial park” in which unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs) have wide application has entered the industrial field of vision. When faced with multiple tasks and heterogeneous tasks, the task execution efficiency of a single UGV is inefficient, thus the task planning research under multi-UGV cooperation has become more urgent. In this paper, under the anti-collision cooperation mechanism for multi-UGV path planning, an improved algorithm with optimized-weighted-speedy Q-learning (OWS Q-learning) is proposed. The slow convergence speed of the Q-learning algorithm is overcome to a certain extent by changing the update mode of the Q function. By improving the selection mode of learning rate and the selection strategy of action, the relationship between exploration and utilization is balanced, and the learning efficiency of multi-agent in complex environments is improved. The simulation experiments in static environment show that the designed anti-collision coordination mechanism effectively solves the coordination problem of multiple UGVs in the same scenario. In the same experimental scenario, compared with the Q-learning algorithm and other reinforcement learning algorithms, only the OWS Q-learning algorithm achieves the convergence effect, and the OWS Q-learning algorithm has the shortest collision-free path for UGVS and the least time to complete the planning. Compared with the Q-learning algorithm, the calculation time of the OWS Q-learning algorithm in the three experimental scenarios is improved by 53.93%, 67.21%, and 53.53%, respectively. This effectively improves the intelligent development of UGV in smart parks.