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Global Stability of a Reaction–Diffusion Malaria/COVID-19 Coinfection Dynamics Model

Author

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  • Ahmed M. Elaiw

    (Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia)

  • Afnan D. Al Agha

    (Department of Mathematical Science, College of Engineering, University of Business and Technology, Jeddah 21361, Saudi Arabia)

Abstract

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a new virus which infects the respiratory system and causes the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The coinfection between malaria and COVID-19 has been registered in many countries. This has risen an urgent need to understand the dynamics of coinfection. In this paper, we construct a reaction–diffusion in-host malaria/COVID-19 model. The model includes seven-dimensional partial differential equations that explore the interactions between seven compartments, healthy red blood cells (RBCs), infected RBCs, free merozoites, healthy epithelial cells (ECs), infected ECs, free SARS-CoV-2 particles, and antibodies. The biological validation of the model is confirmed by establishing the nonnegativity and boundedness of the model’s solutions. All equilibrium points with the corresponding existence conditions are calculated. The global stability of all equilibria is proved by picking up appropriate Lyapunov functionals. Numerical simulations are used to enhance and visualize the theoretical results. We found that the equilibrium points show the different cases when malaria and SARS-CoV-2 infections occur as mono-infection or coinfection. The shared antibody immune response decreases the concentrations of SARS-CoV-2 and malaria merozoites. This can have an important role in reducing the severity of SARS-CoV-2 if the immune response works effectively.

Suggested Citation

  • Ahmed M. Elaiw & Afnan D. Al Agha, 2022. "Global Stability of a Reaction–Diffusion Malaria/COVID-19 Coinfection Dynamics Model," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 10(22), pages 1-31, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jmathe:v:10:y:2022:i:22:p:4390-:d:979632
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ahmed Elaiw & Afnan Al Agha, 2020. "Global Analysis of a Reaction-Diffusion Within-Host Malaria Infection Model with Adaptive Immune Response," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 8(4), pages 1-32, April.
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Ahmed M. Elaiw & Aeshah A. Raezah & Matuka A. Alshaikh, 2023. "Global Dynamics of Viral Infection with Two Distinct Populations of Antibodies," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 11(14), pages 1-26, July.
    2. Bing Li & Ziye Xiang, 2023. "Evolutionary Game of Vaccination Considering Both Epidemic and Economic Factors by Infectious Network of Complex Nodes," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 11(12), pages 1-26, June.
    3. Noura H. AlShamrani & Reham H. Halawani & Wafa Shammakh & Ahmed M. Elaiw, 2023. "Global Properties of HIV-1 Dynamics Models with CTL Immune Impairment and Latent Cell-to-Cell Spread," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 11(17), pages 1-29, August.
    4. Ali Algarni & Afnan D. Al Agha & Aisha Fayomi & Hakim Al Garalleh, 2023. "Kinetics of a Reaction-Diffusion Mtb/SARS-CoV-2 Coinfection Model with Immunity," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 11(7), pages 1-25, April.
    5. Ahmed. M. Elaiw & Abdullah J. Alsaedi & Aatef. D. Hobiny & Shaban. A. Aly, 2022. "Global Properties of a Diffusive SARS-CoV-2 Infection Model with Antibody and Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Immune Responses," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 11(1), pages 1-32, December.
    6. Ahmed M. Elaiw & Abdulsalam S. Shflot & Aatef D. Hobiny & Shaban A. Aly, 2023. "Global Dynamics of an HTLV-I and SARS-CoV-2 Co-Infection Model with Diffusion," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 11(3), pages 1-33, January.
    7. Noura H. AlShamrani & Ahmed Elaiw & Aeshah A. Raezah & Khalid Hattaf, 2023. "Global Dynamics of a Diffusive Within-Host HTLV/HIV Co-Infection Model with Latency," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 11(6), pages 1-47, March.
    8. Xinggui Li & Xinsong Yang, 2023. "Global Stabilization of Delayed Feedback Financial System Involved in Advertisement under Impulsive Disturbance," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 11(9), pages 1-12, April.

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