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Causes and Controlling Factors of Valley Bottom Gullies

Author

Listed:
  • Selamawit Amare

    (Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University and Research, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
    Faculty of Civil and Water Resources Engineering, Bahir Dar University, P.O. Box 26, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia)

  • Saskia Keesstra

    (Team Soil, Water and Land Use, Wageningen Environmental Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
    Civil, Surveying and Environmental Engineering, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308, Australia)

  • Martine van der Ploeg

    (Hydrology and Quantitative Water Management Group, Wageningen University and Research, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands)

  • Eddy Langendoen

    (United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Sedimentation Laboratory, Oxford, MS 38655, USA)

  • Tammo Steenhuis

    (Faculty of Civil and Water Resources Engineering, Bahir Dar University, P.O. Box 26, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
    Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA)

  • Seifu Tilahun

    (Faculty of Civil and Water Resources Engineering, Bahir Dar University, P.O. Box 26, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia)

Abstract

Valley bottomland provides diverse agricultural and ecosystem benefits. Due to concentrated flow paths, they are more vulnerable to gully erosion than hillslope areas. The objective of this review was to show what caused valley bottoms gullies and to present deficiencies in existing rehabilitation measures. From the literature review, we found the following general trends: watershed characteristics determine location of valley bottom gullies; an increase in water transported from the watershed initiates the formation of gullies; the rate of change of the valley bottom gullies, once initiated, depends on the amount of rainfall and the soil and bedrock properties. Especially in humid climates, the presence of subsurface flow greatly enhances bank slippage and advancement of gully heads. Valley bottom gully reclamation measures are generally effective in arid and semi-arid areas with the limited subsurface flow and deep groundwater tables, whereas, for (sub) humid regions, similar remedial actions are not successful as they do not account for the effects of subsurface flows. To ensure effective implementation of rehabilitation measures, especially for humid regions, an integrated landscape approach that accounts for the combined subsurface and surface drainage is needed.

Suggested Citation

  • Selamawit Amare & Saskia Keesstra & Martine van der Ploeg & Eddy Langendoen & Tammo Steenhuis & Seifu Tilahun, 2019. "Causes and Controlling Factors of Valley Bottom Gullies," Land, MDPI, vol. 8(9), pages 1-21, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jlands:v:8:y:2019:i:9:p:141-:d:268085
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ion Ionita & Michael Fullen & Wojciech Zgłobicki & Jean Poesen, 2015. "Gully erosion as a natural and human-induced hazard," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 79(1), pages 1-5, November.
    2. Ion Ionita & Lilian Niacsu & Gabriel Petrovici & Ana Blebea-Apostu, 2015. "Gully development in eastern Romania: a case study from Falciu Hills," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 79(1), pages 113-138, November.
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    Cited by:

    1. Yuxin Cen & Bin Zhang & Jun Luo & Qingchun Deng & Hui Liu & Lei Wang, 2022. "Influence of Topographic Factors on the Characteristics of Gully Systems in Mountainous Areas of Ningnan Dry-Hot Valley, SW China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(14), pages 1-17, July.
    2. Saskia Keesstra & Saskia Visser & Margot De Cleen, 2021. "Achieving Land Degradation Neutrality: A Robust Soil System Forms the Basis for Nature-Based Solutions," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-4, November.
    3. Tadesual Asamin Setargie & Atsushi Tsunekawa & Nigussie Haregeweyn & Mitsuru Tsubo & Mauro Rossi & Francesca Ardizzone & Matthias Vanmaercke & Sofie De Geeter & Ayele Almaw Fenta & Kindiye Ebabu & Mes, 2023. "Modeling of Gully Erosion in Ethiopia as Influenced by Changes in Rainfall and Land Use Management Practices," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(5), pages 1-23, April.

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