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Vegetation Restoration Patterns Influence the Supply and Interrelations of Grassland Ecosystem Services in Karst Desertification Control

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  • Shuzhen Song

    (College of Tourism Management, Guizhou University of Commerce, Guiyang 550014, China
    School of Karst Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China
    State Engineering Technology Institute for Karst Desertification Control, Guiyang 550025, China)

  • Xingyan Chen

    (School of Karst Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China
    State Engineering Technology Institute for Karst Desertification Control, Guiyang 550025, China)

  • Yuehua Song

    (School of Karst Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China
    State Engineering Technology Institute for Karst Desertification Control, Guiyang 550025, China)

  • Yongkuan Chi

    (School of Karst Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China
    State Engineering Technology Institute for Karst Desertification Control, Guiyang 550025, China)

Abstract

An appropriate vegetation restoration pattern is crucial for maintaining and enhancing ecosystem functions and services in karst rocky desertification control areas. However, it is still unclear whether different vegetation restoration patterns will aggravate the trade-off of grassland ecosystem services in this area. This study focuses on grassland ecosystems in the karst desertification control area, comparing artificial restoration measures ( Dactylis glomerata single-species sowing grassland, DG; Lolium perenne single-species sowing grassland, LP; Lolium perenne + Trifolium repens mixed-species sowing grassland, LT) with natural restoration measures (NG). Seven ecosystem services (forage yield, soil retention, soil water conservation, carbon fixation and release, soil carbon storage, soil nutrient retention, and biodiversity conservation) as well as total ecosystem services were quantified using field monitoring data. The relationships between these services were evaluated through Spearman correlation analysis. The results showed that different vegetation restoration patterns significantly influenced the provisioning, regulating, and supporting services of the grassland ecosystem ( p < 0.001). Three types of relationships were observed (trade-off, synergy, and neutral), but the trade-off relationship was not significant ( p > 0.05). The total ecosystem service of LT (0.79) was significantly higher than that of NG (0.21), DG (0.36), and LP (0.41), with a significant synergy observed between soil nutrient conservation, forage yield, and carbon sequestration and oxygen release ( p < 0.05). Therefore, LT is considered the best vegetation restoration practice for the karst rocky desertification control area compared with other patterns. This study provides theoretical guidance for vegetation restoration in degraded karst ecosystems.

Suggested Citation

  • Shuzhen Song & Xingyan Chen & Yuehua Song & Yongkuan Chi, 2024. "Vegetation Restoration Patterns Influence the Supply and Interrelations of Grassland Ecosystem Services in Karst Desertification Control," Land, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-16, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jlands:v:13:y:2024:i:12:p:2023-:d:1530527
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Costanza, Robert & de Groot, Rudolf & Braat, Leon & Kubiszewski, Ida & Fioramonti, Lorenzo & Sutton, Paul & Farber, Steve & Grasso, Monica, 2017. "Twenty years of ecosystem services: How far have we come and how far do we still need to go?," Ecosystem Services, Elsevier, vol. 28(PA), pages 1-16.
    2. Anu Eskelinen & W. Stanley Harpole & Maria-Theresa Jessen & Risto Virtanen & Yann Hautier, 2022. "Light competition drives herbivore and nutrient effects on plant diversity," Nature, Nature, vol. 611(7935), pages 301-305, November.
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